Material Properties at Low Temperature
Open accessAbstract
From ambient down to cryogenic temperatures, the behaviour of materials changes greatly. Mechanisms leading to variations in electrical, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties in pure metals, alloys, and insulators are briefly introduced from a general engineering standpoint. Data sets are provided for materials commonly used in cryogenic systems for design purposes.
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In metals, dislocation loops are the primary mechanism of plastic deformation.
“In metals, dislocation loops are the primary mechanism of plastic deformation, and their creation contributes to radiation hardening, correlating to an increase in material stiffness constants, a decrease in density, and an overall increase in SAW speed [47, 38].”
From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Section 4, “Mechanical properties” (p. 12), says dislocations allow crystal planes to slip, producing permanent plastic deformation. It does not identify dislocation loops specifically or say they are the primary mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe creation of dislocation loops contributes to radiation hardening, correlating with an increase in material stiffness constants, a decrease in density, and an overall increase in SAW speed.
“In metals, dislocation loops are the primary mechanism of plastic deformation, and their creation contributes to radiation hardening, correlating to an increase in material stiffness constants, a decrease in density, and an overall increase in SAW speed [47, 38].”
From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Section 4 (p. 12) says dislocations enable crystal planes to slip, producing permanent plastic deformation. It does not discuss the creation of dislocation loops, radiation hardening, or a resulting decrease in density and increase in stiffness constants or SAW speed. Section 4.1 (p. 13) attributes a modest increase in elastic modulus to lower temperature, not irradiation. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe observed decrease in thermal diffusivity is possibly caused by stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) defects.
“The observed decrease in thermal diffusivity is possibly caused by stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) defects, as suggested by previous room temperature, low dose irradiations [38, 39].”
From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Section 2.2.5 (p. 8) explains how thermal diffusivity varies with temperature, but does not address a decrease after irradiation or attribute one to stacking fault tetrahedra. Searches for SFT defects and low-dose, room-temperature irradiation found no passage addressing that proposed cause. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [1][1] C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics , 1st-8th eds. (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1953-2005). -
- [7][7] J.W. Ekin, Experimental Techniques for Low Temperature Measurements (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006). -
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Aurora, A., Devitre, A. R., Wylie, A. P. C., Rajagopal, J. A., & Short, M. P. (2025) · Nuclear Fusion · doi:10.1088/1741-4326/add74e · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“2 × 10 − 4 m 2 s − 1 -about an order of magnitude below values reported for Cu with residual resisitivty ratio = 30 ( ∼ 1 × 10 − 3 m 2 s − 1 ) [38].”
Aurora, A., Devitre, A. R., Wylie, A. P., Rajagopal, J. A., & Short, M. P. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.17358
“2 × 10 − 4 m 2 s − 1 -about an order of magnitude below values reported for Cu with residual resisitivty ratio = 30 ( ∼ 1 × 10 − 3 m 2 s − 1 ) [38].”
- Authors
- Duthil, P.
- Affiliations
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Duthil, P
- Venue
- CERN
- Publisher
- CERN
- Published
- 2014
- ISSN
- 2331-8422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1802964295
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- International Linear Collider (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- CERN eBooks
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys
- Keywords
- cryogenic temperatures, electrical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, magnetic properties, pure metals, alloys, insulators, cryogenic system design
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