The DOI matches its DataCite record.
Particle-In-Cell Codes for Plasma-based Particle Acceleration
Open accessAbstract
In this report we discuss the basic principles of Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes and their application to plasma-based acceleration. The ab initio full electromagnetic relativistic PIC codes provide the most reliable description of plasmas, and their properties are described in detail. However, while they represent the most fundamental model, full PIC codes are computationally expensive. Plasma-based acceleration is a multi-scale problem with very disparate scales. The smallest scale is the laser or plasma wavelength (on the order of one to a hundred microns), and the largest scale is the acceleration distance (which ranges from a few centimetres to metres or even kilometres). The Lorentz boost technique allows the scale disparity to be reduced, at the cost of complicating the simulations and causing unphysical numerical instabilities in the code. Another possibility is to use the quasi-static approximation, whereby the different scales are separated analytically.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Ref. 159 went further and added the H -, O -, and OH -negative ion species to the previous model. The results indicated that, although the H2O + still dominated, one saw the emergence of the large-scale spoke structures resembling those observed in planar magnetrons with a similar magnetic field geometry 161 .”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Another set of works 26,116,156-160 studied numerically ECR discharges with a grid extraction system. They used the aforementioned simplified approach, where the MW fields were calculated from Eqs. (10) and (11), but without taking into account the plasma contribution, i.e., with j = 0.”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- [1][1] A Pukhov, Reports on progress in Physics 66, 47 (2001). -
- [5][5] R. W. Hockney & J. W. Eastwood, Computer Simulation Using Particles 540 S. (London: McGraw Hill 1981). -
- [7][7] L.Landau and E.~Lifshitz, The Classical Theory of Fields, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., (1962). -
- [8][8] N. A. Krall and A. W. Trivelpiece, Principles of plasma physics , McGraw-Hill, N.Y. (1973). -
- [9][9] S. I. Braginskii, Transport properties in a plasma , in M. A. Leontovich (ed.) 'Review of plasma physics', Consult. Bureau, N.Y. (1965). -
- [14][14] A. Pukhov, Journal of Plasma Physics, accepted for publication (1999). -
- [15][15] K. V. Lotov, Phys. Rev. E 69, 046405 (2004) -
- [17][17] E. Esarey, C. B. Schroeder, and W. P. Leemans, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1229 (2009) -
- [18][18] F. F. Chen, Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion , N.Y.:Plenum Press (1984). -
- [19][19] Joshi, C., T. Tajima, J. M. Dawson, H. A. Baldis, and N. A. Ebrahim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1285 (1981). -
- [20][20] Andreev, N. E., L. M. Gorbunov, V. I. Kirsanov, A. A. Pogosova, and R. R. Ramazashvili, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 55, 551 (1992). -
- [21][21] Antonsen, T. M., Jr., and P. Mora, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2204 (1992). -
- [22][22] A Pukhov, N Kumar, T Tückmantel, A Upadhyay, K Lotov, P Muggli Physical review letters 107, 145003 (2011) -
- [25][25] B. B. Godfrey and J. L. Vay, arXiv:1502.01387v1 (2015) - · arXiv
- [26][26] P. Mora, T. M. Antonsen, Phys. Plasmas 4, 217 (1997) -
- [27][27] C. Huang, V.K. Decyk, C. Ren, M. Zhou, W. Lu, W.B. Mori, J.H. Cooley, T.M. Antonsen Jr., T. Katsouleas, Journal of Computational Physics 217, 658-679 (2006) -
- [29][29] D. R. Welch, D. V. Rose. B. V. Oliver, and R. E. Clark, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 464, 134 (2001). -
- [30][30] T Tückmantel, A Pukhov, Journal of Computational Physics 269, 168-180 (2014)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms
Taccogna, F., Cichocki, F., Eremin, D., Fubiani, G., & Garrigues, L. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0153862 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Pukhov, A.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Pukhov, A.
- ORCID
- Pukhov, A.
- Venue
- CERN, Geneva
- Publisher
- CERN, Geneva
- Published
- 2016-02-16
- Volume
- 1
- Pages
- 181-181
- ISSN
- 2331-8422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2191484505
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- CERN eBooks (cc-by)
- CERN Yellow Reports
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Keywords
- particle-in-cell code, quasi-static approximation, numerical instability, laser-plasma acceleration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Particle-In-Cell Codes for Plasma-based Particle Acceleration. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5170/cern-2016-001.181
- The paper
- Pukhov, A. (2016). Particle-In-Cell Codes for Plasma-based Particle Acceleration. CERN, Geneva. https://doi.org/10.5170/cern-2016-001.181
