PreprintCited by 1,298Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsBioenergy crop production and managementAtmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

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N 2 O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels

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Crutzen, P. J., Mosier, A. R., Smith, K. A., Winiwarter, W.·2007·Atmospheric chemistry and physics

DOI 10.5194/acpd-7-11191-2007

Preprint — published as 10.5194/acp-8-389-2008 · Paper page

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Abstract

Abstract. The relationship, on a global basis, between the amount of N fixed by chemical, biological or atmospheric processes entering the terrestrial biosphere, and the total emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), has been re-examined, using known global atmospheric removal rates and concentration growth of N2O as a proxy for overall emissions. The relationship, in both the pre-industrial period and in recent times, after taking into account the large-scale changes in synthetic N fertiliser production and deforestation, is consistent, showing an overall conversion factor of 3–5%. This factor is covered only in part by the ~1% of "direct" emissions from agricultural crop lands estimated by IPCC (2006), or the "indirect" emissions cited therein. This means that the extra N2O entering the atmosphere as a result of using N to produce crops for biofuels will also be correspondingly greater than that estimated just on the basis of IPCC (2006). When the extra N2O emission from biofuel production is calculated in "CO2-equivalent" global warming terms, and compared with the quasi-cooling effect of "saving" emissions of fossil fuel derived CO2, the outcome is that the production of commonly used biofuels, such as biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), can contribute as much or more to global warming by N2O emissions than cooling by fossil fuel savings. Crops with less N demand, such as grasses and woody coppice species have more favourable climate impacts. This analysis only considers the conversion of biomass to biofuel. It does not take into account the use of fossil fuel on the farms and for fertilizer and pesticide production, but it also neglects the production of useful co-products. Both factors partially compensate each other. This needs to be analyzed in a full life cycle assessment.

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Authors: Crutzen, P. J., Mosier, A. R., Smith, K. A., & Winiwarter, W.
Affiliations: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (AT)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
ORCID: Winiwarter, W.
Venue: Atmospheric chemistry and physics
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Published: 2007-08-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 389-395
ISSN: 1680-7316 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.5194/acpd-7-11191-2007
OpenAlex: W2124610505
Cited by: 1,298
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 125 · 2012: 123
FWCI: 253.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Atmospheric chemistry and physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Keywords: nitrous oxide emissions, biofuels, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fertilization, global warming, fossil fuel substitution, biodiesel, bioethanol, maize, Brassica napus, Poaceae, coppice, livestock emissions

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N 2 O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels

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