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Oxygen utilization and downward carbon flux in an oxygen-depleted eddy in the eastern tropical North Atlantic.

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Fiedler, Björn, Grundle, Damian S., Schütte, Florian, Karstensen, Johannes, Löscher, Carolin R., Hauss, Helena, Wagner, Hannes, Loginova, Alexandra +4 more·2016·Biogeosciences
DOI 10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016

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Abstract

Abstract. The occurrence of mesoscale eddies that develop suboxic environments at shallow depth (about 40–100 m) has recently been reported for the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). Their hydrographic structure suggests that the water mass inside the eddy is well isolated from ambient waters supporting the development of severe near-surface oxygen deficits. So far, hydrographic and biogeochemical characterization of these eddies was limited to a few autonomous surveys, with the use of moorings, underwater gliders and profiling floats. In this study we present results from the first dedicated biogeochemical survey of one of these eddies conducted in March 2014 near the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO). During the survey the eddy core showed oxygen concentrations as low as 5 µmol kg−1 with a pH of around 7.6 at approximately 100 m depth. Correspondingly, the aragonite saturation level dropped to 1 at the same depth, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for calcifying organisms. To our knowledge, such enhanced acidity within near-surface waters has never been reported before for the open Atlantic Ocean. Vertical distributions of particulate organic matter and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM), generally showed elevated concentrations in the surface mixed layer (0–70 m), with DOM also accumulating beneath the oxygen minimum. With the use of reference data from the upwelling region where these eddies are formed, the oxygen utilization rate was calculated by determining oxygen consumption through the remineralization of organic matter. Inside the core, we found these rates were almost 1 order of magnitude higher (apparent oxygen utilization rate (aOUR); 0.26 µmol kg−1 day−1) than typical values for the open North Atlantic. Computed downward fluxes for particulate organic carbon (POC), were around 0.19 to 0.23 g C m−2 day−1 at 100 m depth, clearly exceeding fluxes typical for an oligotrophic open-ocean setting. The observations support the view that the oxygen-depleted eddies can be viewed as isolated, westwards propagating upwelling systems of their own, thereby represent re-occurring alien biogeochemical environments in the ETNA.

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  • Inside the eddies' cores, oxygen consumption can be an order of magnitude higher than the average values for the North Atlantic, and the downward flux of organic matter exceeds typical values found in the open ocean.

    “Inside the eddies' cores, oxygen consumption can be an order of magnitude higher than the average values for the North Atlantic, and the downward flux of organic matter exceeds typical values found in the open ocean (Fiedler et al., 2016).”

    From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Fiedler et al., 2016

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Authors
Fiedler, B., Grundle, D. S., Schütte, F., Karstensen, J., Löscher, C. R., Hauss, H., Wagner, H., Loginova, A., Kiko, R., Silva, P., Tanhua, T., & Körtzinger, A.
Affiliations
  • GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (DE)
  • University of Southern Denmark (DK)
  • Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (CV)
  • Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
Corresponding author
  • Fiedler, Björn
  • Grundle, Damian S.
  • Schütte, Florian
  • Karstensen, Johannes
  • Löscher, Carolin R.
  • Hauss, Helena
  • Wagner, Hannes
  • Loginova, Alexandra
  • Kiko, Rainer
  • Silva, Péricles
  • Tanhua, Toste
  • Körtzinger, Arne
ORCID
Venue
Biogeosciences
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2016-10-10
Volume
13
Issue
19
Pages
5633-5647
ISSN
  • 1726-4170 (ISSN-L)
  • 1726-4189
DOI
10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016
OpenAlex
W2326107249
Cited by
46
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5
FWCI
4.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biogeosciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03F0662A)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB754)
  • European Commission (264879)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Keywords
mesoscale eddies, suboxic waters, oxygen minimum, particulate organic carbon, dissolved organic matter, particulate organic matter, aragonite saturation state, ocean acidification, remineralization, upwelling systems, eastern tropical North Atlantic

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