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Cited by 17CO2 Sequestration and Geologic InteractionsCalcium Carbonate Crystallization and InhibitionClimate Change and Geoengineering

Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement

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Moras, Charly A., Cyronak, Tyler, Bach, Lennart T., Joannes-Boyau, Renaud, Schulz, Kai G.·2024·Biogeosciences
DOI 10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024

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Abstract

Understanding the impacts that mineral grain size and seawater salinity have on magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) precipitation is critical for the success of ocean alkalinity enhancement. We tested Mg(OH) 2 dissolution kinetics in seawater using three Mg(OH) 2 grain sizes (<63, 63–180 and >180 µm) at three salinities (∼36, ∼28 and ∼20). While Mg(OH) 2 dissolution occurred more quickly the smaller the grain size, salinity did not significantly impact measured rates. Our results also demonstrate that grain size can impact secondary CaCO 3 precipitation, suggesting that an optimum grain size exists for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) using solid Mg(OH) 2 . Of the three grain sizes tested, the medium grain size (63–180 µm) was optimal in terms of delaying secondary CaCO 3 precipitation. We hypothesise that in the lowest-grain-size experiments, the higher surface area provided numerous CaCO 3 precipitation nuclei, while the slower dissolution of bigger grain sizes maintained a higher alkalinity and pH at the surface of particles, increasing CaCO 3 precipitation rates and making them observable much more quickly than for the intermediate grain size. Salinity also played a role in CaCO 3 precipitation, where the decrease in magnesium (Mg) allowed secondary precipitation to occur more quickly, similar in effect size to another known inhibitor, i.e. dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In summary, our results suggest that OAE efficiency as influenced by CaCO 3 precipitation depends not only on seawater composition but also on the physical properties of the alkaline feedstock used.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Moras, C. A., Cyronak, T., Bach, L. T., Joannes-Boyau, R., & Schulz, K. G.
Affiliations
  • Southern Cross University (AU)
  • Georgia Southern University (US)
  • University of Tasmania (AU)
Corresponding author
  • Moras, Charly A.
  • Cyronak, Tyler
  • Bach, Lennart T.
  • Joannes-Boyau, Renaud
  • Schulz, Kai G.
ORCID
Venue
Biogeosciences
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2024-07-30
Volume
21
Issue
14
Pages
3463-3475
ISSN
  • 1726-4170 (ISSN-L)
  • 1726-4189
DOI
10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024
OpenAlex
W4401119357
Cited by
17
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 6
FWCI
2.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biogeosciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Cross Connect (Southern Cross University) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Southern Cross University
  • Australian Research Council (LE200100022, LE120100201)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
Keywords
ocean alkalinity enhancement, grain size, ocean salinity, dissolution kinetics, precipitation kinetics, alkalinity, surface area, magnesium limitation, dissolved organic carbon

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