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Cited by 6Fish Ecology and Management StudiesEnvironmental Monitoring and Data ManagementHydrology and Watershed Management Studies

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Environment90m – globally standardized environmental variables for freshwater science at high spatial resolution

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García-Márquez, Jaime R., Grigoropoulou, Afroditi, Tomiczek, Thomas, Schürz, Marlene, Bremerich, Vanessa, Torres-Cambas, Yusdiel, Buurman, Merret, Bego, Kristi, Amatulli, Giuseppe, Domisch, Sami·2026·Earth System Science Data
DOI 10.5194/essd-18-1541-2026

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Abstract

The current loss of freshwater biodiversity calls for immediate action, including the mobilisation of existing data and tools to support long-term conservation. Yet, establishing a global baseline for the spatial distribution of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they host remains difficult. Such task would require standardized, high-resolution environmental information to characterise freshwater habitats anywhere in the world. To address this challenge, we present the Environment90m dataset, which aggregates a large number of environmental layers into each of the 726 million sub-catchments of the Hydrography90m dataset, corresponding to single stream segments. Specifically, Environment90m includes 45 variables related to topography and hydrography, 19 climate variables for the observation period of 1981–2010, as well as projections for 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) 1.26, 3.70 and 5.85, and three global circulation models (UKESM1-0-LL, MPI-ESM1-2-HR and IPSL-CM6A-LR). Moreover, Environment90m includes 22 land cover categories for the annual time-series data from 1992–2020. In addition, we provide 15 soil variables and information on aridity and modelled streamflow. Summary statistics (i.e., mean, min, max, range, sd) are provided for all continuous variables, while for categorical data, the proportion of each category is calculated within each of the sub-catchments. The data is available at https://hydrography.org/environment90m (last access: 4 February 2026). To facilitate data download and processing, we provide dedicated functions within the hydrographr R-package, and extend these also to new functions for processing upstream data of lakes. For all underlying calculations, we used the open-source tools GDAL/OGR, GRASS-GIS and AWK, so that custom data can be easily generated using the hydrographr R-package. Environment90m, along with the tools, provides an array of opportunities for research and application in spatial freshwater biodiversity science, specifically biogeographic analyses and conservation exercises in freshwater ecosystems. The metadata of the Environment90m dataset is stored at https://doi.org/10.18728/igb-fred-995.0 (García Márquez et al., 2025a).

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Metadata

Authors
García-Márquez, J. R., Grigoropoulou, A., Tomiczek, T., Schürz, M., Bremerich, V., Torres-Cambas, Y., Buurman, M., Bego, K., Amatulli, G., & Domisch, S.
Affiliations
  • Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (Berlin, Germany)
  • Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (DE)
  • Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Domisch, Sami
ORCID
Venue
Earth System Science Data
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2026-02-27
Volume
18
Issue
2
Pages
1541-1559
ISSN
  • 1866-3508 (ISSN-L)
  • 1866-3516
DOI
10.5194/essd-18-1541-2026
OpenAlex
W7131780970
Cited by
6
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 6
FWCI
23.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Earth system science data (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver (cc-by)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (460036893, 442032008, 533943718)
  • Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (91902112)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental Monitoring and Data Management
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
Keywords
freshwater habitats, environmental variables, sub-watersheds, climate change projections, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, global climate models, land cover, soil variables, aridity, river discharge, freshwater biodiversity, conservation, biogeography, topography, hydrography, high spatial resolution, lakes, data aggregation

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