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Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2

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Feinberg, Aryeh, Sukhodolov, Timofei, Luo, Bei-Ping, Rozanov, Eugene, Winkel, Lenny H. E., Peter, Thomas, Stenke, Andrea·2019·Geoscientific Model Development
DOI 10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019

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Abstract

SOCOL-AERv1 was developed as an aerosol–chemistry–climate model to study the stratospheric sulfur cycle and its influence on climate and the ozone layer. It includes a sectional aerosol model that tracks the sulfate particle size distribution in 40 size bins, between 0.39 nm and 3.2 µm. Sheng et al. (2015) showed that SOCOL-AERv1 successfully matched observable quantities related to stratospheric aerosol. In the meantime, SOCOL-AER has undergone significant improvements and more observational datasets have become available. In producing SOCOL-AERv2 we have implemented several updates to the model: adding interactive deposition schemes, improving the sulfate mass and particle number conservation, and expanding the tropospheric chemistry scheme. We compare the two versions of the model with background stratospheric sulfate aerosol observations, stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo, and ground-based sulfur deposition networks. SOCOL-AERv2 shows similar levels of agreement as SOCOL-AERv1 with satellite-measured extinctions and in situ optical particle counter (OPC) balloon flights. The volcanically quiescent total stratospheric aerosol burden simulated in SOCOL-AERv2 has increased from 109 Gg of sulfur (S) to 160 Gg S, matching the newly available satellite estimate of 165 Gg S. However, SOCOL-AERv2 simulates too high cross-tropopause transport of tropospheric SO 2 and/or sulfate aerosol, leading to an overestimation of lower stratospheric aerosol. Due to the current lack of upper tropospheric SO 2 measurements and the neglect of organic aerosol in the model, the lower stratospheric bias of SOCOL-AERv2 was not further improved. Model performance under volcanically perturbed conditions has also undergone some changes, resulting in a slightly shorter volcanic aerosol lifetime after the Pinatubo eruption. With the improved deposition schemes of SOCOL-AERv2, simulated sulfur wet deposition fluxes are within a factor of 2 of measured deposition fluxes at 78 % of the measurement stations globally, an agreement which is on par with previous model intercomparison studies. Because of these improvements, SOCOL-AERv2 will be better suited to studying changes in atmospheric sulfur deposition due to variations in climate and emissions.

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  • SOCOL-AERv2 allows representation of all relevant aspects of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics.

    “We determined the stratospheric ozone response to injection of alumina particles by means of the aerosol-chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2 (Feinberg et al., 2019), which allows to represent all relevant aspects of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics.”

    From Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Alumina Particle Injection for Solar Radiation Modification and Related Uncertainties (2023) · cites this paper as Feinberg et al., 2019

    Section 2.1.1 describes a global circulation model coupled to a chemistry model with a comprehensive range of stratospheric reactions, supporting the claim that SOCOL-AERv2 represents stratospheric chemistry and dynamics. But §3.3 identifies possible excessive convective and cross-tropopause transport, so the paper does not establish the unqualified assertion that it represents *all* relevant aspects. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Feinberg, A., Sukhodolov, T., Luo, B.-P., Rozanov, E., Winkel, L. H. E., Peter, T., & Stenke, A.
Affiliations
ETH Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author
Feinberg, Aryeh
ORCID
Venue
Geoscientific Model Development
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2019-09-03
Volume
12
Issue
9
Pages
3863-3887
ISSN
  • 1991-959X (ISSN-L)
  • 1991-9603
DOI
10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019
OpenAlex
W2945455785
Cited by
84
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 3
FWCI
3.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Geoscientific model development (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DORA Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (182239, 169241, 200021)
  • Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH‐39 15‐2)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Keywords
stratospheric sulfate aerosols, sulfur deposition, wet deposition flux, Mount Pinatubo eruption, cross-tropopause transport, sectional aerosol model, ozone layer, aerosol extinction

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