Cited by 11,981Climate variability and modelsGeology and Paleoclimatology ResearchMeteorological Phenomena and Simulations

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Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization

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Eyring, Veronika, Bony, Sandrine, Meehl, Gerald A., Senior, Catherine A., Stevens, Bjorn, Stouffer, Ronald J., Taylor, Karl E.·2016·Geoscientific Model Development

DOI 10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016

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Abstract

Abstract. By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. However, the need to address an ever-expanding range of scientific questions arising from more and more research communities has made it necessary to revise the organization of CMIP. After a long and wide community consultation, a new and more federated structure has been put in place. It consists of three major elements: (1) a handful of common experiments, the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima experiments) and the CMIP Historical Simulation (1850–near-present) that will maintain continuity and help document basic characteristics of models across different phases of CMIP, (2) common standards, coordination, infrastructure and documentation that will facilitate the distribution of model outputs and the characterization of the model ensemble, and (3) an ensemble of CMIP-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) that will be specific to a particular phase of CMIP (now CMIP6) and that will build on the DECK and the CMIP Historical Simulation to address a large range of specific questions and fill the scientific gaps of the previous CMIP phases. The DECK and CMIP Historical Simulation, together with the use of CMIP data standards, will be the entry cards for models participating in CMIP. The participation in the CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs will be at the discretion of the modelling groups, and will depend on scientific interests and priorities. With the Grand Science Challenges of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) as its scientific backdrop, CMIP6 will address three broad questions: (i) how does the Earth system respond to forcing?, (ii) what are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases?, and (iii) how can we assess future climate changes given climate variability, predictability and uncertainties in scenarios? This CMIP6 overview paper presents the background and rationale for the new structure of CMIP, provides a detailed description of the DECK and the CMIP6 Historical Simulation, and includes a brief introduction to the 21 CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs.

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Authors: Eyring, V., Bony, S., Meehl, G. A., Senior, C. A., Stevens, B., Stouffer, R. J., & Taylor, K. E.
Affiliations: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
Met Office (GB)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Eyring, Veronika
ORCID: Eyring, Veronika
Bony, Sandrine
Meehl, Gerald A.
Senior, Catherine A.
Stevens, Bjorn
Stouffer, Ronald J.
Taylor, Karl E.
Venue: Geoscientific Model Development
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Published: 2016-05-26
Volume: 9
Issue: 5
Pages: 1937-1958
ISSN: 1991-959X (ISSN-L)
1991-9603
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016
OpenAlex: W2193503481
Cited by: 11,981
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 1479 · 2025: 2008 · 2024: 2052 · 2023: 1974 · 2022: 1839 · 2021: 1479 · 2020: 680 · 2019: 194 · 2018: 149 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 40
FWCI: 114.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Geoscientific model development (publishedVersion, cc-by)
HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
HAL (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy (DEFC0297ER62402, FC02-97ER62402)
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Keywords: CMIP6, CMIP, natural climate variability, climate predictability, climate change assessment

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