Trends in coastal upwelling intensity during the late 20th century
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
This study presents linear trends of coastal upwelling intensity in the later part of the 20th century (1960–2001) employing various indices of upwelling, derived from meridional wind stress and sea surface temperature. The analysis was conducted in the four major coastal upwelling regions in the world, which are off North-West Africa, Lüderitz, California and Peru. The trends in meridional wind stress showed a steady increase of intensity from 1960–2001, which was also reflected in the SST index calculated for the same time period. The steady cooling observed in the instrumental records of SST off California substantiated this observation further. It was also noted that the trends in meridional wind stress obtained from different datasets differ substantially from each other. Correlation analysis showed that basin-scale oscillations like the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) could not be directly linked to the observed increase of upwelling intensity off NW Africa and California respectively. The relationship of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) with coastal upwelling off NW Africa turned out to be ambiguous due to a negative correlation between the NAO index and the meridional wind stress and a lack of correlation with the SST index. Our results give additional support to the hypothesis that the coastal upwelling intensity increases globally because of raising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and an associate…
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Narayan et al. suggested that the underestimation of the wind strength might be the reason for the negative trends.
“Narayan et al. (2010) consequently suggested that the underestimation of the wind strength might be the reason for the negative trends.”
From Recent Trends in SST, Chl‐<i>a</i>, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (2021) · cites this paper as Narayan et al. (2010)
Narayan et al. argue that the less reliable results derive from the NCEP/NCAR data.
“In addition, they argue that the less reliable results derive from the NCEP/NCAR data.”
From Recent Trends in SST, Chl‐<i>a</i>, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (2021) · cites this paper as Narayan et al. (2010)
Narayan et al. (2010) concluded that COADS data provided the most reliable results of significant increases in meridional wind stress in all four EBUS.
“Narayan et al. (2010) detected differences between data sets and concluded that COADS data provided the most reliable results of significant increases in meridional wind stress in all four EBUS (in CCU from 28.5 to 33.5°N).”
From Recent Trends in SST, Chl‐<i>a</i>, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (2021) · cites this paper as Narayan et al. (2010)
More detailed studies such as Narayan et al. (2010) and Pardo et al. (2011) have examined long-term variation in the Canaries and other upwelling zones with varied results.
“Other more detailed studies like Narayan et al. (2010) and Pardo et al. (2011) have examined long term variation in the Canaries and other upwelling zones with varied results.”
From Canary current upwelling: More or less? (2013) · cites this paper as Narayan et al., 2010
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Intensification and spatial homogenization of coastal upwelling under climate change
Wang, D., Gouhier, T. C., Menge, B. A., & Ganguly, A. R. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14235 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Gutiérrez, D., Bouloubassi, I., Sifeddine, A., Purca, S., Goubanova, K., Graco, M., Field, D., Méjanelle, L., Velazco, F., Lorre, A., et al. (2011) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2010gl046324 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Canary current upwelling: More or less?
Barton, E. D., Field, D. B., & Roy, C. (2013) · Progress in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.007 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Coastal warming and wind-driven upwelling: A global analysis
Varela, R., Lima, F. P., Seabra, R., Meneghesso, C., & Gómez-Gesteira, M. (2018) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.273 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Siemer, J. P., Machín, F., González‐Vega, A., Arrieta, J. M., Gutiérrez‐Guerra, M. A., Pérez‐Hernández, M. D., Vélez‐Belchí, P., Hernández‐Guerra, A., & Fraile‐Nuez, E. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/2021jc017268 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Baseline Climatology of the Canary Current Upwelling System and Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature
Mills, L., Janeiro, J., & Martins, F. (2024) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs16030504 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Narayan, N., Paul, A., Mulitza, S., & Schulz, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bremen (DE)
- Venue
- Ocean Science
- Publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- Published
- 2010-09-22
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 815-823
- ISSN
- 1812-0784 (ISSN-L)
- 1812-0792
- OpenAlex
- W2126191612
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Ocean science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Keywords
- sea surface temperature, Peruvian upwelling, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, greenhouse gas forcing
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