Coastal warming and wind-driven upwelling: A global analysis
Abstract
Long-term sea surface temperature (SST) warming trends are far from being homogeneous, especially when coastal and ocean locations are compared. Using data from NOAA's AVHRR OISST, we have analyzed sea surface temperature trends over the period 1982-2015 at around 3500 worldwide coastal points and their oceanic counterparts with a spatial resolution of 0.25 arc-degrees. Significant warming was observed at most locations although with important differences between oceanic and coastal points. This is especially patent for upwelling regions, where 92% of the coastal locations showed lower warming trends than at neighboring ocean locations. This result strongly suggests that upwelling has the potential to buffer the effects of global warming nearshore, with wide oceanographic, climatic, and biogeographic implications.
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The selection of coastal and oceanic points was made following previous studies (Varela et al., 2018).
“The selection of both coastal and oceanic points was made following previous studies (Varela et al., 2018 [7], and the references therein).”
From Examining the ability of CMIP6 models to reproduce the upwelling SST imprint in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (2022) · cites this paper as Varela et al., 2018 [7]
EBUS can act as thermal refugia, reducing warming and even causing cooling trends in the areas affected by this mechanism.
“It is a known fact that EBUS can act as thermal refugia, reducing warming and even causing cooling trends in the areas affected by this mechanism [7].”
From Examining the ability of CMIP6 models to reproduce the upwelling SST imprint in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Oceanic points situated 3 degrees away from the coast are far enough to not be affected by upwelling.
“Thus, oceanic points are situated far enough from the coast to not be affected by upwelling [7,15].”
From Examining the ability of CMIP6 models to reproduce the upwelling SST imprint in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Major differences in sea surface temperature change have been observed between coastal waters and offshore waters.
“major differences have been observed between coastal waters and offshore waters [4,6].”
From Baseline Climatology of the Canary Current Upwelling System and Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
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Varela, R., DeCastro, M., Rodriguez-Diaz, L., Dias, J. M., & Gómez-Gesteira, M. (2022) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse10121970 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“It is a known fact that EBUS can act as thermal refugia, reducing warming and even causing cooling trends in the areas affected by this mechanism [7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBaseline Climatology of the Canary Current Upwelling System and Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature
Mills, L., Janeiro, J., & Martins, F. (2024) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs16030504 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Varela, R., Lima, F. P., Seabra, R., Meneghesso, C., & Gómez-Gesteira, M.
- ORCID
- Varela, Rubén
- Venue
- Science of the Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 639
- Pages
- 1501-1511
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2807697868
- Semantic Scholar
- d3fb8c8dadbc581a7d0c957f2c9a89e12c82994a
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (IF/00043/2012, PD/BD/114038/2015)
- Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (MARINFO - NORTE- 01-0145-FEDER-000031)
- Xunta de Galicia (NORTE2020, ED431C 2017/64-GRC)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Keywords
- sea surface temperature warming, coastal upwelling, wind-driven upwelling, upwelling zones
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