A Conceptual Framework for Describing the Phenomenon of New Venture Creation
Abstract
A review of the entrepreneurship literature suggests that differences among entrepreneurs and among their ventures are as great as the variation between entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs and between new firms and established firms. A framework for describing new venture creation integrates four major perspectives in entrepreneurship: characteristics of the individual(s) who start the venture, the organization which they create, the environment surrounding the new venture, and the process by which the new venture is started.
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The strategies are not conceived by owner-managers as structural, for example as configurations of products and services, or segmentation of customers relative to competitors.
“They are not conceived by the owner-managers as structural, for example as might be configurations of products and services, or segmentation of customers relative to competitors (d'Amboise and Muldowney, 1988;Gartner, 1985;Miller and Toulouse, 1986;Storey, 1994).”
From ‘Relationships Mean Everything’; A Typology of Small–Business Relationship Strategies in a Reflexive Context (2002) · cites this paper as Gartner, 1985
Entrepreneurs and managers differ in motivation, with entrepreneurs focused on money and fame.
“entrepreneurs focused on money and fame (Gartner, 1985).”
From Leadership as Interpreneurship: A Disability Nonprofit Atlantic Canadian Profile (2020) · cites this paper as Gartner, 1985
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“…new combination (Schumpeter, 1934), innovation (Schuler, 1986; Schumpeter, 1934), risk-taking (McClelland, 1961; Schuler, 1986), innovative action (Gartner, 1985; Low & MacMillan, 1988; Timmons, 1985), the act of doing something new (creation) and/or something different (innovation; Kao, 1993),…”
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“In such processes, the risk is assumed by venture takers with the rewards flowing back to them (Brockhaus, 1980; Gartner, 1985; Szerb, 2003).”
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- Authors
- Gartner, W. B.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gartner, William B.
- ORCID
- Gartner, William B.
- Venue
- The Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 1985-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 696
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164736327
- Cited by
- 2,424
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 146 · 2016: 138 · 2015: 145 · 2014: 155 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 125
- FWCI
- 18.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Private Equity and Venture Capital
- Keywords
- startups, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial characteristics, new firm formation, entrepreneurial process, conceptual framework
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