Cited by 461Mental Health Treatment and AccessRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSchizophrenia research and treatment

Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: a review of empirical literature

Open access
Schwartz, Robert C·2014·World Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract

Psychotic disorder diagnoses are common in the United States and internationally. However, racial disparities in rates of psychotic disorder diagnoses have been reported across time and mental health professions. This literature review provides an updated and comprehensive summary of empirical research on race and diagnosis of psychotic disorders spanning a 24-year period. Findings reveal a clear and pervasive pattern wherein African American/Black consumers show a rate of on average three to four higher than Euro-American/White consumers. Latino American/Hispanic consumers were also disproportionately diagnosed with psychotic disorders on average approximately three times higher compared to Euro-American/White consumers. In addition, a trend among international studies suggests that immigrant racial minority consumers receiving mental health services may be assigned a psychotic disorder diagnosis more frequently than native consumers sharing a majority racial background. Potential explanations for this phenomenon are discussed, including possible clinical bias and sociological causes such as differential access to healthcare and willingness to participate in mental health services. Directions for future research should include the exploration of disproportionate diagnoses according to race through qualitative interviewing as well as empirical investigation.

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  • There are disparities in who is at risk for mental health concerns, in who is diagnosed with mental health disorders, and with which mental health disorders people are diagnosed.

    “there are disparities in who is at risk for mental health concerns, in who is diagnosed with mental health disorders, and with which mental health disorders people are diagnosed [49-51]”

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Frances A. Essentials of psychiatric diagnosis. New York: Guilford Press, 2013
  2. Chien PL, Bell CC. Racial differences in schizophrenia. Directions in Psychiatry 2008; 28: 297-304

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Authors
Schwartz, R. C.
Affiliations
University of Akron (US)
Corresponding author
Schwartz, Robert C
Venue
World Journal of Psychiatry
Published
2014
Volume
4
Issue
4
Pages
133
ISSN
2220-3206 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1973201512
Cited by
461
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • World Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
racial disparities, psychosis, diagnosis rates, clinical bias, access to mental health care, ethnic minority mental health

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