The Relationship between Morphological Awareness and Vocabulary Size of EFL Learners
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge of Iranian high school students. Nation's Vocabulary Level Test (VLT) was used to test students' knowledge of words drawn from the 2000, 3000 and 5000 most frequent occurring word families. Two morphological awareness tasks (a morpheme identification task and a morphological structure test) were also used to assess students' morphological awareness. The VLT results reveal that the students performed better at the 2000 level than the two higher frequency levels. There existed a significant relationship between the learners' performance on the vocabulary level test and the morphological awareness tasks. These findings implicate the importance of facilitating the students' morphological awareness in English vocabulary learning for EFL learners in Iran.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The findings of this study correspond to previous research results (Khan 2022; Tabatabaei and Yakhabi 2011; Llach 2010; Bowers and Kirby 2009).
“The findings of this study correspond to the previous research results by Khan (2022), Tabatabaei and Yakhabi (2011), Llach (2010), and Bowers and Kirby (2009).”
From Transformative impacts of explicit morphological instruction on irregular inflectional acquisition in Saudi EFL learners (2024) · cites this paper as Tabatabaei and Yakhabi (2011)
A clear relationship exists between morphological awareness and writing by L2 learners.
“A clear relationship exists between morphological awareness and writing by L2 learners (Khan, 2022;Tabatabaei and Yakhabi, 2011;Llach, 2010;Bowers and Kirby, 2009).”
From Transformative impacts of explicit morphological instruction on irregular inflectional acquisition in Saudi EFL learners (2024) · cites this paper as Tabatabaei and Yakhabi, 2011
Section 9.3 reports a relationship between morphological awareness and vocabulary-test scores in EFL learners, not between morphological awareness and writing. A search for writing and written performance found only a mention of writing as a skill taught to the students (section 9.1), with no finding about its relationship to morphological awareness. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe result of this study supports previous research findings that a clear relationship exists between morphological awareness and writing by L2 learners.
“The result of this study supports the previous research findings, which state that a clear relationship exists between morphological awareness and writing by L2 learners (Ross and Berwick,1991;Khan, 2022;Tabatabaei and Yakhabi, 2011;Llach, 2010;Bowers and Kirby, 2009).”
From Transformative impacts of explicit morphological instruction on irregular inflectional acquisition in Saudi EFL learners (2024) · cites this paper as Tabatabaei and Yakhabi, 2011
The Objectives and Conclusion sections examine the relationship between morphological awareness and EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge, not writing. A search for writing found only a mention of writing as a skill taught to students (section 9.1), with no finding about its relationship to morphological awareness. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Learning Vocabulary in Another Language
Nation, I. S. P. (2001) · Cambridge University Press · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139524759 · Cited by 6,608 · see citing works
Principles of Language Learning and Teaching
Horning, A. S., & Brown, H. D. (1981) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/327392 · Cited by 5,176 · see citing works
Vocabulary : description, acquisition and pedagogy
Schmitt, N., & McCarthy, M. (1990) · Cited by 1,715 · see citing works
Learning Vocabulary in Another Language
Nation, I. S. P., & Hunston, S. (2013) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139858656 · Cited by 1,622 · see citing works
How Many Words Are There in Printed School English?
Nagy, W. E., & Anderson, R. C. (1984) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.2307/747823 · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
Vocabulary Development: A Morphological Analysis
Anglin, J. M., Miller, G. A., & Wakefield, P. C. (1993) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166112 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Morphological Awareness and Learning to Read: A Cross-Language Perspective
Kuo, L., & Anderson, R. C. (2006) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4103_3 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Breadth and depth of vocabulary in relation to L1/L2 acquisition and frequency of input
VERMEER, A. (2001) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716401002041 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
The role of morphological awareness in children's vocabulary acquisition in English
McBride-Chang, C. A., Wagner, R. K., Muse, A. E., Chow, B. W., & Hua Shu, A. (2005) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s014271640505023x · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Deriving Word Meanings through Morphological Generalization
Wysocki, K., & Jenkins, J. R. (1987) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.2307/747721 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Francis, W. N. (1997) · Language · doi:10.2307/415886 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Bertram, R., Laine, M., & Virkkala, M. M. (2000) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00201 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
ON THE NATURALNESS OF INTERLANGUAGE PHONOLOGICAL RULES1
Eckman, F. R. (1981) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1981.tb01379.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The effects of learning to spell on children’s awareness of morphology
Nuñes, T., Bryant, P., & Bindman, M. (2006) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-006-9025-y · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Lyytinen, P., & Lyytinen, H. (2004) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716404001183 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
An exploratory study of morphological errors in children's written stories
Carlisle, J. F. (1996) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/bf00423925 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Role of Phonological and Morphological Awareness in L2 Oral Word Reading
Schiff, R., & Calif, S. (2007) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2007.00409.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Derivational Morphological Analysis as a Strategy for Vocabulary Acquisition in Spanish
Morin, R. (2003) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/1540-4781.00186 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
MARKEDNESS IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION1
Rutherford, W. (1982) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1982.tb00520.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Metacognitive and Other Knowledge about the Mental Lexicon: Do We Know How Many Words We Know?
Zechmeister, E. B., D’Anna, C. A., HALL, J. W., PAUS, C. H., & SMITH, J. A. (1993) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/14.2.188 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Miller, G. A. (1991) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Newly Placed Versus Continuing Students : Comparing Vocabulary Size
Zimmerman, K. J. (2005) · TESL reporter · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Learning vocabulary through morpheme word family object boxes
Long, D., & Rule, A. C. (2004) · SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 24 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Carlisle, J. F. (2004). Morphological processes influencing literacy learning. In C. A. Stone, E. R. Silliman, B. J. Ehren, & K. Apel (Eds.), Handbook on language and literacy: Development and disorders. New York: Guilford. pp. 318-339
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Asaad, H. Q. M., & Shabdin, A. A. (2021) · Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.32601/ejal.911149 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lin, M. (2017) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2015-0081 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sánchez‐Gutiérrez, C., & Muñoz, N. H. (2018) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/flan.12344 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND EXPLICIT MORPHOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS IN ELT
Anwar, I., & Rosa, R. N. (2020) · LANGUAGE LITERACY Journal of Linguistics Literature and Language Teaching · doi:10.30743/ll.v4i1.1825 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Awareness of Morphemic Knowledge for Young Adults’ Vocabulary Learning
Varatharajoo, C., Asmawi, A., & Abedalaziz, N. (2015) · Malaysian online journal of educational sciences · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Exploring the Effect of Morphological Instruction on Vocabulary Learning among Iranian EFL Learners
Khoshkhoonejad, A. A., Khalifelu, S. F., & Abdipour, S. (2016) · Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) · doi:10.11591/edulearn.v10i2.3316 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Language Literacy: Journal Of Linguistics, Literature And Language Teaching
Literacy, L. (2017) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1154279 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Asaad, H. Q. M., Hasan, M. K., Alidoust, N., Shabdin, A. A., Ounissi, A., & Hossain, M. D. (2022) · Education Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/5930822 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wijayanti, E. (2020) · ENGLISH FRANCA Academic Journal of English Language and Education · doi:10.29240/ef.v4i1.1158 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Khan, A. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03610-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“A clear relationship exists between morphological awareness and writing by L2 learners (Khan, 2022; Tabatabaei and Yakhabi, 2011; Llach, 2010; Bowers and Kirby, 2009).”
Classification of Spoken Errors Regarding the Communicative Competencies
Çetereisi, Y., Bostancı, H. B., & Kurt, M. (2020) · Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala · doi:10.33788/rcis.68.9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Morphemic Analysis Awareness: A Boon Or Bane On Esl Students' Vocabulary Learning Strategy
Varatharajoo, C., Asmawi, A., & Abedalaziz, N. (2015) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1108858 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Morphemic Analysis Awareness: Impact On Esl Students' Vocabulary Learning Strategy
Varatharajoo, C., Asmawi, A., & Abedalaziz, N. (2015) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1110266 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS OF STUDENTS MAJORING IN ENGLISH STUDIES TOWARDS VOCABULARY LEARNING
Quy, V. P., An, L. D. X., Vy, N. T. T., Chau, N. T. M., & Tien, N. T. (2022) · European Journal of Education Studies · doi:10.46827/ejes.v9i11.4537 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sánchez‐Gutiérrez, C. (2013) · doi:10.14201/gredos.123057 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Implicit and Explicit Instruction on Morphological Awareness and Knowledge
Lee, M., & Choi, S. (2020) · Studies in English Education · doi:10.22275/see.25.1.01 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Razkane, H., Sayeh, A. Y., Benzehaf, B., & Yeou, M. (2026) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2026.2613124 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROGRAMME DE FORMATION DE L'ÉCOLE QUÉBECOISE
Bouchard, S., Côté, A., & Lévesque-Duchesne, M. (2015)
The Adequacy of 104 headway plus passages in Sustaining Science Students' Reading Interest.
Al-Thiyabi, M. S. (2014)
Ghasemi, B., & Vaez-Dalili, M. (2019) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.30479/jmrels.2019.10959.1371 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gunawan, A., & Septiani, A. (2018) · Lingua · doi:10.34005/lingua.v1i02.24
(UUM), U. U. M., Asaad, H. Q. M., & Shabdin, A. A. (2020) · The Journal of AsiaTEFL · doi:10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.3.17.1006
Affix Acquisition of Chinese English Learners: A Case Study Based on a Self-Built Corpus
Liu, Z. (2021) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v14n9p1
السقاف, ع. م., & المخلافي, م. ع. (2024) · مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم الإنسانية · doi:10.59628/jhs.v2i2.832
- Authors
- Tabatabaei, O., & Yakhabi, M.
- Affiliations
- Islamic Azad University of Najafabad (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Tabatabaei, Omid
- Venue
- English Language Teaching
- Published
- 2011-11-28
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 1916-4742 (ISSN-L)
- 1916-4750
- OpenAlex
- W2063824831
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- English Language Teaching (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Keywords
- morphological awareness, vocabulary size, EFL learners, morpheme identification, morphological structure, vocabulary knowledge, word frequency, high school students, English vocabulary learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review