The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Wildfire’s resistance to control in mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine forests
Open accessAbstract
Concerns about the impacts of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)-caused tree mortality on wildfire potential in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests have to date largely focused on the potential for extreme fire behaviour, including the development and spread of crown fires. Given that the wildland fire environment in which fire managers and firefighters work is composed of many interacting physical and human factors, viewing crown fire behaviour as the only or even the most important outcome of the tree mortality associated with a mountain pine beetle outbreak is questionable. Proper assessment of wildfire potential entails a broader approach, which requires expanding the concept of wildfire resistance to control to include an analysis of all relevant factors and their interactions. In this paper we describe a holistic concept of analyzing the impacts of mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality on wildfire potential in lodgepole pine forests on the basis of fire behaviour characteristics, fire suppression operations, and firefighter safety considerations within the framework of three recognizable stages of the approximate time since the initiation of an outbreak (i.e., “red” ∼1 to 5 years, “gray” ∼5 to 15 years, and post-epidemic ∼15+ years).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Removing dead wood from the forest reduces the fuel load and subsequently reduces the chances of wildfire spreading.
“removing dead wood from the forest reduces the fuel load and subsequently reduces the chances of wildfire spreading.”
From Life-cycle carbon footprint and total production potential of cross-laminated timber from California’s wildland-urban interface (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
The Fire behaviour characteristics section (page unavailable) says accumulations of dead and downed wood can increase fire hazard and provide a fuel bed for spot fires. This supports the concern about dead wood as fuel, but the paper does not establish that removing it reduces the chance of wildfire spreading; it also describes relatively slow to moderate spread rates in some heavily fuelled stands. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLarge quantities of dead wood make the management of fire events more challenging.
“Large quantities of dead wood make the management of fire events more challenging [3, 4]”
From Life-cycle carbon footprint and total production potential of cross-laminated timber from California’s wildland-urban interface (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Davis, K. P. (1959) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 1,044
Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior
Anderson, H. E. (1982) · doi:10.2737/int-gtr-122 · Cited by 1,008
Potential for range expansion of mountain pine beetle into the boreal forest of North America
Safranyik, L., Carroll, A. L., Régnière, J., et al. (2010) · The Canadian Entomologist · doi:10.4039/n08-cpa01 · Cited by 421
Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change
Clark, J. S., & Advanced Study Institute Biomass Burning Emissions and Global Change 1994 Alvor (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59171-6 · Cited by 356
Simard, M., Romme, W. H., Griffin, J. M., & Turner, M. G. (2011) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/10-1176.1 · Cited by 327
Meddens, A. J. H., Hicke, J. A., & Ferguson, C. A. (2012) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/11-1785.1 · Cited by 319
Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West
Jenkins, M. J., Hebertson, E. G., Page, W. G., & Jorgensen, C. A. (2007) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.045 · Cited by 318
Self-citationEffects of bark beetle–caused tree mortality on wildfire
Hicke, J. A., Johnson, M. C., Hayes, J. L., & Preisler, H. K. (2012) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.005 · Cited by 317
Alexander, M. E., & Cruz, M. G. (2011) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf11001 · Cited by 231
Self-citationInteractions among the Mountain Pine Beetle, Fires, and Fuels
Jenkins, M. J., Runyon, J. B., Fettig, C. J., Page, W. G., & Bentz, B. (2014) · Forest Science · doi:10.5849/forsci.13-017 · Cited by 169
Self-citationJenkins, M. J., Page, W. G., Hebertson, E. G., & Alexander, M. E. (2012) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.036 · Cited by 166
Self-citationFirefighter Safety Zones: A Theoretical Model Based on Radiative Heating
Butler, B., & Cohen, J. (1998) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf9980073 · Cited by 164
A Review of Initial Attack Fire Crew Productivity and Effectiveness
Hirsch, K., & Martell, D. L. (1996) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf9960199 · Cited by 159
Brown, M., Black, T. A., Nesic, Z., Foord, V. N., Spittlehouse, D. L., Fredeen, A., Grant, N. J., Burton, P. J., & Trofymow, J. A. (2009) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.008 · Cited by 145
Jolly, W. M., Parsons, R. A., Hadlow, A. M., Cohn, G. M., McAllister, S. S., Popp, J. B., Hubbard, R. M., & Negron, J. F. (2012) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.022 · Cited by 143
Page, W. G., & Jenkins, M. (2007) · Forestry sciences · doi:10.1093/forestscience/53.4.507 · Cited by 125
Self-citationStocks, B. J., & Kauffman, J. B. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59171-6_8 · Cited by 99
Fire Cycles and Community Dynamics in Lodgepole Pine Forests
Brown, J. K. (1975) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 94
Mountain pine beetle attack alters the chemistry and flammability of lodgepole pine foliage
Page, W. G., Jenkins, M. J., & Runyon, J. B. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x2012-094 · Cited by 90
Self-citationA mathematical model for predicting the maximum potential spotting distance from a crown fire
Albini, F. A., Alexander, M. E., & Cruz, M. G. (2012) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf11020 · Cited by 89
Self-citationCollins, B. J., Rhoades, C. C., Battaglia, M. A., & Hubbard, R. M. (2012) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.027 · Cited by 84
Epidemiology of injuries to wildland firefighters
Britton, C., Lynch, C. F., Ramirez, M. R., Torner, J. C., Buresh, C. T., & Peek-Asa, C. L. (2012) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2012.08.032 · Cited by 75
Downed dead woody fuel and biomass in the Northern Rocky Mountains
Brown, J. K., & See, T. (1981) · STIN · Cited by 73
Cone Serotiny - Fire Relationships in Lodgepole Pine
Lotan, J. E. (1976) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 58
Myers, J. R., & Fosbroke, D. E. (1994) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/0022-4375(94)90021-3 · Cited by 56
Black, S., Kulakowski, D., Noon, B. R., & DellaSala, D. A. (2013) · Natural Areas Journal · doi:10.3375/043.033.0107 · Cited by 50
Alexander, M. E., & Cruz, M. G. (2012) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf11153 · Cited by 49
Self-citationValachovic, Y. S., Lee, C. A., Scanlon, H., Varner, J. M., Glebocki, R., Graham, B. D., & Rizzo, D. M. (2011) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.024 · Cited by 43
Wildland firefighter entrapment avoidance: Modelling evacuation triggers
Fryer, G. K., Dennison, P. E., & Cova, T. J. (2013) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf12160 · Cited by 41
Pelz, K. A., & Smith, F. W. (2012) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.032 · Cited by 40
Ecology of Lodgepole Pine Pinus contorta Dougl.
Pfister, R. D., & Daubenmire, R. F. (1973) · Cited by 34
Donato, D. C., Simard, M., Romme, W. H., Harvey, B. J., & Turner, M. G. (2013) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.022 · Cited by 34
Fire behaviour as a factor in forest and rural fire suppression.
Alexander, M. E. (2000) · Cited by 33
Self-citationCHAINSAW FELLING FATAL ACCIDENTS
Peters, P. A. (1991) · Transactions of the ASAE · doi:10.13031/2013.31912 · Cited by 32
Wildland Fires: Dangers and Survival
Alexander, M. E., Mutch, R. W., & Davis, K. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-03228-5.50017-3 · Cited by 29
Self-citationFire characteristics associated with firefighter injury on large federal wildland fires
Britton, C., Lynch, C. F., Torner, J. C., & Peek-Asa, C. L. (2012) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.11.001 · Cited by 28
Exploratory analysis of the variables affecting initial attack hot-spotting containment rate
Murphy, P., Woodard, P. M., Quintilio, D., et al. (1991) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x91-075 · Cited by 20
Page, W. G., Jenkins, M. J., & Alexander, M. E. (2013) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.08.001 · Cited by 20
Self-citationChoosing an activity fuel treatment for Southwest ponderosa pine /
Hirsch, S. N., Meyer, G. F., Radloff, D. L., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, C. )., & States., U. (1979) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.99675 · Cited by 16
Fire shelter performance in simulated wildfires: an exploratory study
Butler, B. W., & Putnam, T. (2001) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf01019 · Cited by 14
Production rates for crews using hand tools on firelines
Haven, L., Hunter, T. P., & Storey, T. G. (1982) · doi:10.2737/psw-gtr-62 · Cited by 14
Fire spread and impact in lodgepole pine slash
Quintilio, D. (1972) · The Mathematics Enthusiast · Cited by 13
Quantifying the Fuel Load, Fuel Structure and Fire Behaviour of Forested Bogs and Blowdown
Johnston, D. C. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 8
Firefighter's Handbook on Wildland Firefighting: Strategy, Tactics and Safety
Teie, W. C. (1994) · Cited by 8
Sudden Oak Death mortality and fire: lessons from the basin complex
Lee, C., Valachovic, Y. S., Frankel, S. J., & Palmieri, K. (2010) · Cited by 7
Validation of an Index System for Estimating Fireline Production With Handtools
Murphy, P. J., Quintilio, D., & Woodard, P. M. (1989) · The Forestry Chronicle · doi:10.5558/tfc65190-3 · Cited by 6
Preliminary Guidelines For Using Suppression Fires to Control Wildfires in the Southeast
Cooper, R. W. (1969) · Cited by 6
Fundamentals of wildland fire fighting
Goodson, C., & Adams, B. (1998) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 5
Gray, R. W. (2013) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 3
Crown temperatures during prescribed burning in Jack Pine.
Beaufait, W. R. (1960) · Cited by 3
Ignition probability in ponderosa pine needles and decayed Douglas fir wood
Burgan, R. E. (1966) · The Mathematics Enthusiast · Cited by 2
LACES License Plates – A Tool to Promote Wildland Firefighter Safety
Alexander, M. E. (2013) · The Forestry Chronicle · doi:10.5558/tfc2013-106 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 17
- Alexander M.E., 2013, Wildfire, 22, 12
- Alexander, M.E. and M.G. Cruz. 2013. Chapter 9: Crown fire dynamics in conifer forests. In Synthesis of Knowledge of Extreme Fire Behavior: Volume 2 for Fire Behavior Specialists, Researchers and Meteorologists. USDA For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Portland, OR. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-[In press].
- Barrows J.S., 1974, West. Wildlands, 1, 3
- Beaufait W.R., 1961, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters, 251
- Brown, A.A. and K.P. Davis. 1973. Forest fire: Control and use. 2 nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 686 p.
- Cheney N.P., 1994, Instit. For. Aust. – The Forester, 35, 22
- Gleason P., 1991, Fire Manage. Notes, 52, 9
- Gray R.W., 2013, Fire Manage. Today, 72, 25
- Jackson S., 1948, Fire Control Notes., 9, 1
- Lotan J.E., 1976, Proc. Tall Timber Fire Ecol. Conf., 14, 267
- Manning, T., P. Taudin-Chabot, M. Bunleavey, D. Rowe and N. Densmore. 2000. Dangerous tree assessment – British Columbia’s wildland fire safety module. In B.W. Butler and K. Shannon (eds.). Proceedings of the 2000 International Wildfire Safety Summit. pp. 137–142. (CD-ROM) Int. Assoc. Wildland Fire, Montana City, MT.
- Merrill, D.F. and M.E. Alexander (eds.). 1987. Glossary of forest fire management terms. 4 th ed. Natl. Res. Counc. Can., Can. Comm. For. Fire Manage., Ottawa, ON. Publ. NRCC 26516. 91 p.
- Page W.G., 2007, For. Sci., 53, 507
- Quintilio D., 1988, Fire Manage. Notes, 49, 24
- Quintilio, D., T.A. Van Nest, P.J. Murphy and P.M. Woodard. 1990. Determining production rates of initial attack crews. In M.E. Alexander and G.F. Bisgrove (tech. cords.). The Art and Science of Fire Management. pp. 105–113. For. Can., North. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-309.
- Stiger, E.M. and C.R. Infanger. 2011. Fire behavior observations in beetle killed trees in Lewis & Clark, Jefferson, Broadwater, and the southwest portion of Cascade County. In R.L. Fox (ed.). Proceedings of 11th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit. (CD-ROM) Int. Assoc. Wildland Fire, Missoula, MT. 3 p.
- Van Wagner C.E., 1977, Can. For. Serv. Bi-mon. Res. Notes, 33, 7
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Agne, M. C., Woolley, T., & Fitzgerald, S. (2016) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.02.004 · Cited by 37
Knapp, E. E. (2015) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.12.008 · Cited by 26
Bose, B., Hendrickson, T. P., Nordahl, S. L., Kane, S., Fan, J., Miller, S. A., & Scown, C. D. (2025) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/adf868 · Cited by 5
“Large quantities of dead wood make the management of fire events more challenging [3, 4] and removing dead wood from the forest reduces the fuel load and subsequently reduces the chances of wildfire spreading.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Page, W. G., Alexander, M. E., & Jenkins, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Utah State University (US)
- ORCID
- Jenkins, Michael J.
- Venue
- The Forestry Chronicle
- Publisher
- Canadian Institute of Forestry
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 783-794
- ISSN
- 0015-7546 (ISSN-L)
- 1499-9315
- OpenAlex
- W2068033101
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Forestry Chronicle (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Joint Fire Science Program
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Management and Policy
- Keywords
- mountain pine beetle, lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, tree mortality, fire behavior, crown fire, firefighter safety, wildfire management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review