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Cited by 152Sleep and related disordersMedicinal Plant Extracts EffectsComplementary and Alternative Medicine Studies

Oral Nonprescription Treatment for Insomnia: An Evaluation of Products With Limited Evidence

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Meoli, Amy Lynn, Rosen, Carol, Kristo, David, Kohrman, Michael, Gooneratne, Nalaka, Aguillard, Robert Neal, Fayle, Robert, Troell, Robert +4 more·2005·Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
DOI 10.5664/jcsm.26314PMC PMC13109557
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Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the level of evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of nonprescription therapies used for insomnia. Reviewers Members of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine's Clinical Practice Review Committee. Methods A search of the World Wide Web was conducted using the terms insomnia, herbal remedies, and alternative treatments to develop a list of therapies. Therapies in this review include passionflower, valerian, Jamaican dogwood, hops, California poppy, chamomile, lemon balm, St. John's wort, kava kava, wild lettuce, scullcap, Patrinia root, first-generation histamine-1-receptor antagonists, alcohol, calcium, vitamin A, nicotinamide, magnesium, vitamin B12, I-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, dietary changes, Natrum muriaticum, and Yoku-kan-san-ka-chimpi-hange. A search of the PubMed database was conducted in October 2002 using MeSH terms insomnia and each product listed in this paper, including only articles published in English between 1980 and 2002. Additional relevant articles from reference lists were also reviewed. Given the paucity of pediatric publications, this age group was excluded from this review. Results and conclusions Although randomized, placebo-controlled studies were available for a few compounds, rigorous scientific data supporting a beneficial effect were not found for the majority of herbal supplements, dietary changes, and other nutritional supplements popularly used for treating insomnia symptoms. Nevertheless, such treatments are described as alternative remedies for insomnia. Studies are limited by small numbers of participants and, in some instances, inadequate design, lack of statistical analysis, and sparse use of objective measurements. Sparse or no scientific data were found to support the efficacy of most products as hypnotics, including chamomile and St. John's wort. There is preliminary but conflicting evidence suggesting Valerian officinalis L. and first-generation histamine-1-receptor antagonists have efficacy as mild hypnotics over short-term use. There are significant potential risks associated with the use of Jamaican dogwood, kava kava, alcohol, and I-tryptophan. Physicians may find this information useful in counseling their patients.

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  • Efficacy and safety data for most over-the-counter insomnia medications is limited to short-term studies; their safety and efficacy in long-term treatment is unknown.

    “Efficacy and safety data for most over-the-counter insomnia medications is limited to short-term studies; their safety and efficacy in long-term treatment is un -known. 48”

    From Clinical Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults (2008) · cites this paper as [48]

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Authors
Meoli, A. L., Rosen, C., Kristo, D., Kohrman, M., Gooneratne, N., Aguillard, R. N., Fayle, R., Troell, R., Townsend, D., Claman, D., Hoban, T., & Mahowald, M.
Affiliations
  • Mercy Hospital (US)
  • Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (US)
  • Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (US)
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Methodist University Hospital (US)
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
  • Summerlin Hospital Medical Center (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Hennepin County Medical Center (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2005-04-15
Volume
1
Issue
2
Pages
173-187
ISSN
  • 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9397
DOI
10.5664/jcsm.26314
PMC
PMC13109557
OpenAlex
W2114881120
Cited by
152
References
162
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 11
FWCI
6.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
Keywords
insomnia, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, Valeriana officinalis, Passiflora, kava, Hypericum perforatum, chamomile, dietary supplements, alcohol, treatment efficacy and safety
MeSH terms
Consumer Product Safety, Nonprescription Drugs, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Phytotherapy

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