The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quality in qualitative research
Abstract
Qualitative research most commonly involves the systematic collection, ordering, description and interpretation of textual data generated from talk, observation or documentation. A report of qualitative research should address the following criteria: Clarification and justification; Procedural rigour; Representativeness; Interpretative rigour; Reflexivity and evaluative rigour; and Transferability. Because of the limitations on article length for the Medical Journal of Australia, authors should focus on only a couple of aspects of the research, rather than trying to present a simplified description of multiple aspects.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Qualitative research in health care: Analysing qualitative data
Pope, C. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7227.114 · Cited by 8,131
Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines
Malterud, K. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05627-6 · Cited by 5,014
Qualitative research in health care: Assessing quality in qualitative research
Mays, N. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7226.50 · Cited by 3,742
Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog?
Barbour, R. S. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1115 · Cited by 2,613
Resisting medicines: a synthesis of qualitative studies of medicine taking
Pound, P., Britten, N., Morgan, M., Yardley, L., Pope, C., Daker-White, G., & Campbell, R. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.063 · Cited by 868
Qualitative Research: Observational methods in health care settings
Mays, N., & Pope, C. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.6998.182 · Cited by 491
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- 10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1230 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-2753.1996.tb00041.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.014 · DOI · Paper page
- Green J, 2004, Qualitative methods for health research
- 10.1136/bmj.311.6997.109 · DOI · Paper page
- Mays N, 1999, Qualitative research in health care, 89
- 10.1136/bmj.311.6996.42 · DOI · Paper page
- Liamputtong P, 2005, Qualitative research methods
- 10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Miles MB, 1994, Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook
- Grbich C., 1999, Qualitative research in health: an introduction
- Grbich C., 2007, Qualitative data analysis: an introduction
- Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), 2006, 10 questions to help you make sense of qualitative research
- 10.1001/jama.285.15.1987 · DOI · Paper page
- Tong A, 2006, Qualitative Research in Evidence‐based Healthcare — an Exploration of Scope and Methods
- Blaxter M., 2000, Criteria for qualitative research, Med Sociol News, 26, 34
- Hansen EC, 2006, Successful qualitative health research: a practical introduction
- Rice PL, 1999, Qualitative research methods: a health focus
- 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.029 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 249
Care-seeking decisions for worsening symptoms in heart failure: a qualitative metasynthesis
Ivynian, S., DiGiacomo, M., Jha, S. R., Crossley, C., & Newton, P. (2015) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-015-9511-x · Cited by 15
“Only five studies described the effect of the researcher’s views and methods on the data, and seven studies evaluated the potential effects of the participant/ researcher relationship [47].”
BackgroundMethodDruedahl, L., Sporrong, S. K., Minssen, T., Hoogland, H., Bruin, M. D. D., van de Weert, M., & Almarsdóttir, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262537 · Cited by 14
Lembani, M., Teddy, G., Molosiwa, D., & Hwabamungu, B. (2016) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-016-0159-3 · Cited by 17
An Analysis of the Reasons for Staff Turnover amongst Paramedics in South Africa
Iwu, C. G. (2013) · Journal of Human Ecology · doi:10.1080/09709274.2013.11906630 · Cited by 14
“Kitto et al. (2008), Liamputtong and Ezzy (2005), and Malterud (2001) support the idea of quantitative research because it explores the behavior, process- es of interaction, meanings, values and experiences of purposefully sampled individuals and groups in their natural context.”
BackgroundExploring queer people of colour’s perceptions of pride in Sydney
Lewis, C., Chandra, S., & Markwell, K. (2023) · Tourism Geographies · doi:10.1080/14616688.2023.2290010 · Cited by 15
“…by each allowing any differences to be negotiated and interpretations to be collaboratively developed (lewis et al., 2021). to enhance the trustworthiness of the findings, confirmatory questions were asked during the interview to check the interpretation of the emerging ideas (Kitto et al., 2008).”
BackgroundTHE VALUE-BASED PRICING DETERMINATION MATRIX FOR PRICING METHOD SELECTION
Steinbrenner, F., & Turčínková, J. (2021) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.267 · Cited by 13
Partners of Veterans With PTSD: Parenting and Family Experiences
McGaw, V. E., Reupert, A., & Maybery, D. (2020) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/1044389420905753 · Cited by 13
Metusela, C., Dijkmans-Hadley, B. R., Mullan, J., Gow, A. R., & Bonney, A. D. (2020) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-021-01485-x · Cited by 13
Grace, S., Bradbury, J., Avila, C., & Chesne, A. D. (2018) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.06.009 · Cited by 13
O'Callaghan, C., Byrne, L., Cokalis, E., Glenister, D., Santilli, M., Clark, R., McCarthy, T., & Michael, N. (2018) · The American journal of hospice & palliative care · doi:10.1177/1049909117748881 · Cited by 13
Millers, R., & Lewis, C. (2024) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2024.2320240 · Cited by 13
“First, the researcher used confirmatory questions wherein the emerging interpretations were shared with the participants during the interview to seek their validation (Kitto et al., 2008).”
Fighting for inclusion across borders: Latin American Trans women's health in Canada.
Gailits, N., Pastor-Bravo, M., Gastaldo, D., Bajwa, U., Bilbao-Joseph, C., Castro, C., & Godoy, S. (2021) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2021.1988877 · Cited by 12
Hernández-Rincón, E. H., Pimentel-González, J. P., Orozco-Beltrán, D., & Carratalá-Munuera, C. (2016) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmw010 · Cited by 12
Franklin, C., Taylor-Robinson, D., Carrol, E., Moran, P., & Carter, B. (2024) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003039 · Cited by 11
Sellars, M., Carter, S. M., Lancsar, E., Howard, K., & Coast, J. (2023) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104963 · Cited by 11
Malayudha, A. G., Sari, W., & Asiandu, A. P. (2023) · SANGKéP Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan · doi:10.20414/sangkep.v6i1.6286 · Cited by 11
Exploring symptom meaning: perspectives of palliative care physicians
Estacio, C. F., Butow, P., Lovell, M., Dong, S., & Clayton, J. (2018) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4126-0 · Cited by 11
Inadequate resuscitation documentation in older patients' clinical case notes
Brown, M., Ruberu, R., & Thompson, C. (2014) · Internal medicine journal (Print) · doi:10.1111/imj.12328 · Cited by 11
Women empowerment in peer-to-peer accommodation settings: perspectives of female Airbnb hosts
Efthymiadou, F., & Farmaki, A. (2023) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2023.2262782 · Cited by 13
“To ensure our findings were valid and reliable, we followed Kitto et al. (2008) criteria which are used to evaluate the quality of the research.”
A review of qualitative research in Drug and Alcohol Review.
Olsen, A., Higgs, P., & Maher, L. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12307 · Cited by 10
Crawford, G., Bowser, N., Brown, G., & Maycock, B. R. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002581 · Cited by 9
“While wellknown tools exist to assess the quality of quantitative research,(35) similar tools for use in qualitative studies are less common.(36) Criteria were developed to address the lack of comprehensive frameworks to assess the quality of qualitative research for publication.”
MethodWilde, A., Meiser, B., Mitchell, P., & Schofield, P. (2009) · Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print) · doi:10.3109/00048670903179152 · Cited by 10
Silva, W., Virtanen, E., Kajantie, E., & Sebert, S. (2024) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.17105 · Cited by 9
“Right on the ground”: signalling authentic brand inclusivity to LGBTQ+ consumers
Lewis, C., Smith, J., Prayag, G., & Kemper, J. A. (2025) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-06-2024-5271 · Cited by 9
Douglas, S. R., Bovendeerd, B., van Sonsbeek, M. A. M. S., Manns, M., Milling, X. P., Tyler, K., Bala, N., Satterthwaite, T., Hovland, R. T., Amble, I., et al. (2023) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-023-01314-6 · Cited by 15
“Safeguards used in this project included research process transparency and procedural rigor (Kitto et al., 2008 ), reflected in the detailed procedures described herein and available in the supplementary material.”
Consensus moderation and the sessional academic: valued or powerless and compliant?
Mason, J., Roberts, L., & Flavell, H. (2022) · International Journal for Academic Development · doi:10.1080/1360144x.2022.2036156 · Cited by 9
“A reflexive journal and audit trail were used to record issues or tensions that may impact the research process and any subsequent decisions taken (Kitto et al., 2008).”
MethodAlexanian, J., Fraser, I., Smith, O., & Kitto, S. (2021) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1097/ceh.0000000000000402 · Cited by 9
“Volunteer, criterion-based and snowball sampling was used to recruit ICU nursing staff at each site for the interviews.(33) This sampling framework was guided by an overall theoretical sampling technique by which researchers recruit individuals as required to achieve the goals of analytical saturation whereby no new t…”
MethodSelf-citationQualitative interviewing of Malay caregivers: stigma and mental health problems of older adults
Ramli, F. Z. A., Tilse, C., & Wilson, J. (2017) · International Journal of Culture and Mental Health · doi:10.1080/17542863.2016.1259338 · Cited by 9
Ethnography as Practice: Is Validity an Issue?
Chan, J. (2013) · doi:10.1080/10345329.2013.12035977 · Cited by 9
“Instead, terms such as rigor (thoroughness and appropriateness of the use of research methods), credibility (meaningful, well presented findings) and relevance (utility of findings) are used to judge the quality or ‘trustworthiness’ of a study … (Kitto et al 2008:243).”
BackgroundPearce, L. M. N., Hassett, L. M., Sherrington, C., & Pryor, J. (2025) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01576-1 · Cited by 10
“Guid-ance was followed to moderate the influence of insider researcher status on the qualitative process [37, 46–48].”
Carlson, E., Chan, E. A., Kumlien, C., Leung, D. Y., & Bish, M. (2024) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/15413446241263772 · Cited by 8
“We followed recommendations by Kitto et al. (2008) concerning interpretative rigour, procedural rigour, and re fl exivity.”
Husbands, S., Mitchell, P. M., & Coast, J. (2024) · Patient · doi:10.1007/s40271-023-00663-6 · Cited by 7
“However, an alternative way to measure engagement is by observing and reporting the average length of data collection for CYP interviews, as this can provide an indication of how responsive CYP were and how rich emerging findings are likely to be [36–38].”
BackgroundThe Value of Music Therapy in the Expression of Emotions in Children with Cancer
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, R.-C., Noreña‐Peña, A., Bixquert, T. C., de Dios, J. G., Gutiérrez‐García, A. I., & Ruiz, M. C. S. (2023) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1155/2023/2910350 · Cited by 14
Markowski, A. M., Watkins, M. K., Maitland, M., Manske, R., Podoll, K., & Hayward, L. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2135979 · Cited by 8
“The researchers discussed biases that might impact data collection and analysis through the process of reflexivity (Kitto, Chesters, and Grbich, 2008).”
BackgroundAgha, S. (2021) · Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology · doi:10.1007/s11135-021-01138-2 · Cited by 8
Kahan, D. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16245040 · Cited by 10
“, procedural, interpretive, evaluative) in the conduct and reporting of qualitative research in the health sciences [24].”
BackgroundPersson, U., & Carlson, E. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.14628 · Cited by 8
Charlton, K., Murray, C. M., & Kumar, S. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1247470 · Cited by 8
Heenan, I. W., Lafferty, N., & McNamara, P. (2024) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc14120275 · Cited by 11
Grant, R., Mooney-Somers, J., Power, J., Mcnair, R., Pennay, A., Jones, J., & Bourne, A. (2023) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069231194204 · Cited by 7
“We will make use of regular team meetings to re fl exively engage with our positions as researchers working in this space and to acknowledge the complex in fl uences that shape our interpretation of data, a process that is key to delivering high-quality, qualitative research (Kitto et al., 2008).”
MethodVirtual interviews: less carbon, less bias?
Selvam, R., Moloo, H., Macrae, H., Alam, F., & Raîche, I. (2022) · The Journal of Climate Change and Health · doi:10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100167 · Cited by 7
Massi, L., Hickey, S. D., Maidment, S.-J., Roe, Y. L., Kildea, S. V., Nelson, C., & Kruske, S. (2021) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01519-x · Cited by 12
Qualitative Research in Veterinary Medical Education: Part 2-Carrying Out Research Projects.
King, E., Scholz, E., Matthew, S., Mossop, L., Cobb, K., Norman, E. J., & Schull, D. (2021) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Education · doi:10.3138/jvme-2019-0101-p2 · Cited by 7
Widayati, A., Virginia, D., Setiawan, C., Fenty, F., Donowati, M. W., Christasani, P. D., Hartayu, T., Suhadi, R., Saini, B., & Armour, C. (2018) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.01.008 · Cited by 7
An ethnographic study of tourist psychological states: Implications for festivities and events
Christou, P. (2015) · doi:10.1080/22243534.2015.11828341 · Cited by 7
“experienced by the researcher and respondents are, as Koning and Ooi (2013) stress, incredibly insightful and enhance the trustworthiness and quality of the study.”
BackgroundIwu, C. G., Allen-Ile, C. O., & Ukpere, W. (2012) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT · doi:10.5897/ajbm12.1044 · Cited by 7
“…and Bettencourt, 2002); (2) qualitative research assists with careful and systematic collection, ordering, description and interpretation of data (Kitto et al., 2008); (3) qualitative research helps to explore the behaviour, processes of interaction, meanings, values and experiences of…”
BackgroundUnmet Needs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Metasynthesis Protocol
Disler, R. T., Green, A., Luckett, T., Newton, P., Inglis, S., Currow, D., & Davidson, P. (2012) · International Journal of Research in Nursing · doi:10.3844/ijrnsp.2012.15.20 · Cited by 7
Examining pro-environmental behaviour in the sharing economy: A service provider perspective
Farmaki, A., Stergiou, D. P., & Efthymiadou, F. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146673 · Cited by 6
Dwyer, J., Johnston, R. B., O'Callaghan, C., Kallianis, V., & Ross, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1541528 · Cited by 6
Integrating resource-based and market-based views in the fisheries industry – CEO perspectives
Vigfússon, K., Jóhannsdóttir, L., Ólafsson, S., & Köseoğlu, M. (2025) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106454 · Cited by 6
Lawton, V., Pacey, V., Chan, C., Jones, T., & Dean, C. M. (2024) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2024.2317134 · Cited by 6
Darani, S. A., McMaster, R., Wolff, E., Bonato, S., Simpson, A., Glancy, G., Sandhu, K., & Quinn, J. (2023) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1097/ceh.0000000000000484 · Cited by 6
“This approach added interpretive rigour via researcher triangulation 21 and used a conventional content analysis approach 22 to categorize the studies into general mental health, counselling skills speci fi c, and suicide prevention programs, and further to describe the key characteristics and fi…”
MethodKiross, G., Chojenta, C., Barker, D., & Loxton, D. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051462 · Cited by 6
Morrison-Love, D., & Patrick, F. (2022) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2022.2116422 · Cited by 10
Feyissa, T. R., Harris, M., & Loxton, D. (2020) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-020-00971-2 · Cited by 6
Family Partnering in Australian Therapeutic Residential Care: A Scoping Study
McNamara, P. M. (2020) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2020.1786486 · Cited by 13
“Trustworthiness of the method was defended through background briefing from the NTRCA Reference Group, in-depth interviewing, rigorous recording, and transcription, along with thick descriptions of phenomena (Curtin & Fossey, 2007; Kitto et al., 2008).”
MethodCrane, M. F., Scopano, L., Bergen, P. V., Wiggins, M. W., Gucciardi, D. F., Karin, E., Forbes, D., & Kangas, M. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251412925 · Cited by 6
“Moreover, multiple coders analysed the data and were engaged in continual and robust discussion, allowing for the iterative and nuanced approach (Kitto et al., 2008).”
Jerntorp, S. H., Jakobsson, J., Axelsson, M., Carlson, E., Aho, A. C., & Lecturer, S. (2025) · Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice · doi:10.1016/j.xjep.2025.100742 · Cited by 5
Cogan, N. A., Tse, D. C. K., Finlayson, M., Lawley, S., Black, J., Hewitson, R., Stergiou, C., Aziz, S., Hamer, H. P., & Short, C. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2441075 · Cited by 11
“…strategies such as maintaining an audit trail to document the research process (Tomaszewski et al., 2020), being aware of the social context (Kitto et al., 2008), engaging in reflexive journaling (Ahmed, 2024), and conducting participant debriefings during the final stages of analysis (Haq…”
Patients’ experiences of involvement at a clinical training ward: a qualitative interview study
Jerntorp, S. H., Carlson, E., Axelsson, M., Aho, A. C., & Jakobsson, J. (2024) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.1080/13561820.2024.2395971 · Cited by 5
Lawton, V., Pacey, V., Jones, T., & Dean, C. M. (2024) · Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning · doi:10.1108/heswbl-10-2023-0287 · Cited by 5
Beogo, I., Ramdé, J., Anne, A., Gagnon, M., Sia, D., & Nguemeleu, E. T. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/47059 · Cited by 7
“To ensure the representativeness of participants, maximum variation purposive sampling [51] will be used to inform the design stage (phase 1).”
MethodA Systematic Review of the Reporting Quality of Qualitative Research in Breast Plastic Surgery
Hircock, C., Leveille, C. F., Chen, J., Lin, X.-W., Lansang, R. P., Kim, P. J., Huan, P. W., Gallo, L., & Thoma, A. (2023) · Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1177/22925503231184266 · Cited by 5
“24 To address issues with quality reporting, reporting guidelines for qualitative research have been published.”
Ghosh, A., Mahintamani, T., Aswathy, P. V., Basu, D., Mattoo, S., Subodh, B., Pillai, R., & Kaur, M. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_167_23 · Cited by 5
“[37] To improve credibility and consistency, all IDIs were coded by two independent coders with experience in qualitative research and clinical experience in dealing with patients with SUD and telehealth care.”
Mehmet, M., & D'Alessandro, S. (2022) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2022.2105933 · Cited by 5
“Kitto et al. (2008) note that the aim of inter-rater reliability is to discuss the findings from the research and gain consensus on how it should be coded.”
BackgroundRamli, F. Z. A., Tilse, C., & Wilson, J. (2021) · Journal of gerontological social work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2021.1912240 · Cited by 5
“A qualitative approach allows researcher to generate rich and meaningful data from the experiences of participants in a natural context (Kitto et al., 2008).”
BackgroundOncology Staff Reflections about a 52-Year-Old Staff Christmas Choir: Constructivist Research
O'Callaghan, C., Hornby, C., Pearson, E., & Ball, D. (2010) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.0355 · Cited by 5
Bridging the Uncanny Valley: Improving AI Chatbots for Effective Leadership Mentoring
Krauter, J. (2024) · Open Journal of Leadership · doi:10.4236/ojl.2024.133021 · Cited by 5
Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in Economic Development in India
Siddique, M. (2025) · International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis · doi:10.11648/j.ijsqa.20251102.12 · Cited by 4
Exploring Cybersecurity Threats to Solo Female Travelers
Ghaderi, Z., Bagheri, F., Esfehani, M. H., Béal, L., & Houanti, L. (2025) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875251361466 · Cited by 7
Written in Fate: Nepali Older Adults’ Understanding of Suicide
Adhikari, P., Kitchingman, T., Lewis, C., & McLaren, S. (2025) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2025.2541765 · Cited by 4
“This helped establish trustworthiness by generating discussion about the findings, while also ensuring that the analysis process was not skewed by the perspectives of any one coder (Kitto et al., 2008).”
Hayward, L. M., Hogan, D., Melam, A., Raine, L., McCullough, A., & Bell, A. (2025) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2025.2469910 · Cited by 4
“The authors analyzed the qualitative data serving as a strategy of interpretative rigor in which developing patterns, codes, and themes could be discussed and debated (Kitto et al., 2008).”
Community perception towards mental health problems in Ethiopia: a mixed-method narrative synthesis
Debela, B. G., Abebe, L., Hareru, H. E., & Ashuro, Z. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06047-w · Cited by 4
Pérez-Núñez, P., O’Callaghan, C. C., Paz, J. F. L., de Lazcano, A. R., Rodríguez, A. A., & Amayra, I. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1334875 · Cited by 6
“A qualitative inter-rater reliability procedure was also employed, wherein two researchers were involved in the data analysis (Kitto et al., 2008).”
Wong, R., Whitehead, C. R., & Kitto, S. (2024) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2024.100411 · Cited by 4
Self-citationStraub, J., Franz, A., Holzhausen, Y., Schumann, M., & Peters, H. (2023) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04784-2 · Cited by 4
“Several methods were used to ensure the quality of the current study: transferability, credibility and member checks [55].”
MethodPress, N., & Lewis, C. (2023) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2023.2252966 · Cited by 4
“Multiple approaches were adopted to ensure trustworthiness, in line with Kitto et al. (2008).”
Middleton, R., Metusela, C., Marriott-Statham, K., Ferguson, C., & Davidson, P. M. (2023) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13847 · Cited by 4
“33,35,36 The four members of the research team robustly discussed each stage of analysis using Braun and Clarke's method of reflexive thematic analysis 35 until coming to consensus with regard to the final themes.”
MethodTeaching Observation as a Faculty Development Tool in Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Kitto, S. C., Danilovich, N., Rowland, P., Leslie, K., HENDRY, P. J., Hodgson, A., Fantaye, A. W., & Lochnan, H. A. (2023) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1097/ceh.0000000000000523 · Cited by 6
Self-citationJob, J., Eakin, E., Reeves, M. M., & Fjeldsoe, B. S. (2021) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08806-4 · Cited by 2
A generalisable model for frame identification: towards an integrative approach
Xu, E. (2020) · Communication Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/22041451.2020.1759925 · Cited by 4
“While cross-checking can be implemented to ensure inter-rater reliability (Kitto et al., 2008), its value lies in ‘alerting researchers to all potentially competing explanations’ (Barbour, 2001, p. 1116).”
BackgroundSriyanto, H., & Masrukhin, A. (2019) · Journal of Physics, Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/2/022066 · Cited by 4
Guccione, L., Gough, K., Drosdowsky, A., Fisher, K., Price, T. J., Pavlakis, N., Khasraw, M., Wyld, D., Ransom, D. T., Kong, G., et al. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/14361 · Cited by 4
“Coding labels will be created by 2 independent experienced qualitative researchers, who will examine and discuss each other’s coding and thematic analysis to promote rigor and interrater reliability [56].”
Hughes, S. D., Custer, B., Laborde, N. D., & Sheon, N. (2018) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/trf.14632 · Cited by 4
“In addition, although qualitative findings are not typically “generalizable” in the same way quantitative data can be, this does not preclude transferability of the findings.(18) That is, they may well have broader applicability—especially when differences between the context where data were collected and where the fi…”
BackgroundI’m Losing the ‘Me’: Partners’ Experiences of Engagement with Parkinson's Health Professionals
Bolland, M., Guilfoyle, A., & Bucks, R. (2015) · Brain Impairment · doi:10.1017/brimp.2015.19 · Cited by 4
“This process follows guidelines for qualitative research papers by Kitto et al. (2008), and Tate and Douglas (2011).”
Evidence-based nursing in action: A focused ethnographic study of knowledge use in acute care
Ominyi, J., Eze, U., Alabi, A., & Nwedu, A. B. (2025) · Next research. · doi:10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100584 · Cited by 2
Ilma, A., & Muhibbin, A. (2024) · Jurnal Pendidikan Non formal · doi:10.47134/jpn.v2i2.1176 · Cited by 3
Kitto, S. C., Fantaye, A. W., You, Y., Schalkwyk, S. C. V., & Cleland, J. (2024) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2024.2387157 · Cited by 4
“However, using theoretical frameworks to ensure conceptual generalizability and transferability (see [82]) and second, thinking programmatically can help.”
Self-citationExperiences of the change process during Emotion-focused Group Therapy
Sharbanee, J. M., Rauchelle, K., Nelson, M., & Gringart, E. (2024) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2024.2361438 · Cited by 3
“Credibility was addressed via use of member checking whereby KR contacted several participants via telephone, to ensure that extracted themes accurately reflected their experiences and voices (Kitto et al., 2008).”
Daly, D., Sedlicka, N., Švanderlíková, K., Kovařčíková, P. A., Wilhelmová, R., & Begley, C. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06448-5 · Cited by 3
“The first and last authors then acted as peer debriefers [27], adjudicating on the appropriateness of the thematic analysis, once translated into English.”
BackgroundAcculturative Challenges and Opportunities Among Arab-Speaking MENA Refugees in the United States
Childress, S., Shrestha, N., Seff, I., Hagedorn, A., McKay, M. M., & Stark, L. (2024) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/10443894241236885 · Cited by 3
“This was confirmed through iterative analysis and discussions within the research team (Kitto et al., 2008).”
Sanatani, M., & Muir, F. (2023) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-023-10223-0 · Cited by 3
“Although this strategy may reduce representativeness as a component of credibility (Kitto et al., 2008), it still allowed for a rich description of the phenomenon of interest.”
Response—An Extreme Ordeal: Writing Emotion in Qualitative Research
Gallagher, S. (2022) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-021-10151-x · Cited by 4
ANALYSIS OF THE “DIGITAL PRANK” PHENOMENON FROM THE PSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE
Haq, A., & Rosyidi, M. I. (2021) · al-Balagh Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi · doi:10.22515/al-balagh.v6i2.3501 · Cited by 3
“Referring to (Grbich et al., 2008), a researcher can utilize this time to validate the data; to inform informants on how the raw data will be evaluated and presented, and to 219Analysis of The “Digital Prank” Phenomenon From The Psychology Perspective Akhmad Liana Amrul Haq, Moch.”
Each Is in Different Circumstances Anyway
Eastwood, J., Kemp, L., & Jalaludin, B. (2016) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244016676863 · Cited by 3
“The moment is all we have”: patients and visitors reflect on a staff Christmas choir
O'Callaghan, C., Hornby, C., Pearson, E., & Ball, D. (2009) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb03380.x · Cited by 3
Sustainable Construction in the 21st Century: An Educational Perspective to Shifting the Paradigm
Brennan, M. (2016) · Liverpool John Moores University · doi:10.24377/ljmu.t.00004532 · Cited by 3
Travel constraints on stigmatised LGBTQ+ Indians
Anjusha, P. P., Thakur, P., Lewis, C., & Thomas, T. K. (2025) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2025.104030 · Cited by 2
Lam, H.-Y., Honey, A., Scanlan, J., & Hancock, N. (2025) · Community mental health journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-025-01476-7 · Cited by 2
“An interview guide was developed from literature and the experiences of the RAS-DS research team (Kitto et al., 2008).”
White, B., Jeanneret, R., Holland-Batt, S., & Miller, E. (2025) · Australasian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/ajag.70019 · Cited by 2
“(Family caregiver 2, female, 36) Family caregivers also expressed gratitude for the quality of their loved ones' deaths through VAD: for example, ‘a kind, peaceful, gracious death’.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kitto, S. C., Chesters, J., & Grbich, C.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kitto, Simon C
- ORCID
- Kitto, Simon C
- Venue
- Medical Journal of Australia
- Publisher
- AMPCo
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 188
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 243-246
- ISSN
- 0025-729X (ISSN-L)
- 1326-5377
- OpenAlex
- W1520239921
- Cited by
- 728
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 73.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Medical Journal of Australia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Keywords
- qualitative research quality, reflexivity, transferability, representativeness, justification
- MeSH terms
- Australia, Humans, Periodicals as Topic, Quality Control, Peer Review, Research, Editorial Policies, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
