CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 286Coastal and Marine ManagementIsland Studies and Pacific AffairsConservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management

Rethinking the Galapagos Islands as a Complex Social-Ecological System: Implications for Conservation and Management

Open access
González, José A., Montes, Carlos, Rodríguez, José, Tapia, Washington·2008·Ecology and Society
DOI 10.5751/es-02557-130213
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

González, J. A., C. Montes, J. Rodríguez, and W. Tapia. 2008. Rethinking the Galapagos Islands as a complex social-ecological system: implications for conservation and management. Ecology and Society 13(2): 13. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02557-130213

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5751/es-02557-130213

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Attempts to regulate tourism and to create a sustainable island economy that explicitly links to nature have been fleeting and episodic.

    “Attempts to regulate tourism and to create a sustainable island economy that explicitly links to nature have been fleeting and episodic.”

    From Modelling Tourism in the Galapagos Islands: An Agent-Based Model Approach (2014) · cites this paper as González, Montes, Rodríguez, & Tapia 2008

    The Historical profile describes the 1998 Galapagos Special Law and a 2003 regional plan aimed at balancing economic growth with biodiversity conservation; the Adaptive cycles section says nature tourism was promoted as an ally of conservation. These passages support the existence of such efforts, but not the claim that they were fleeting and episodic. The section on strengthening participative approaches instead reports institutional progress in tourism management since 1998. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 47

  1. Abel, N., D. H. M. Cumming, and J. M. Anderies. 2006. Collapse and reorganization in social- ecological systems: questions, some ideas, and policy implications. Ecology and Society 11(1): 17. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/ iss1/art17/.
  2. Abel, T. 2003. Understanding complex human ecosystems: the case of ecotourism in Bonaire. Conservation Ecology 7(3): 10. [online] URL: http ://www.consecol.org/vol7/iss3/art10/.
  3. Anderies, J. M., M. A. Janssen, and E. Ostrom. 2004. A framework to analyze the robustness of social-ecological systems from an institutional perspective. Ecology and Society 9(1): 18. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss1/ art18/.
  4. Anderies, J. M., B. H. Walker, and A. P. Kinzig. 2006. Fifteen weddings and a funeral: case studies and resilience-based management. Pages 163-176
  5. Baine, M., M. Howard, S. Kerr, G. Edgar, and V. Toral. 2007. Coastal and marine resource management in the Galapagos Islands and the Archipelago of San Andres: issues, problems and opportunities. Ocean and Coastal Management 50 (3-4):148-173.
  6. Barber, H., and P. Ospina. 2007. Opinión de la comunidad isleña acerca del desempeño de las instituciones. Pages 94-97 in S. Cárdenas, coordinator. Informe Galápagos 2006-2007.
  7. Bengtsson, J., P. Angelstam, T. Elmqvist, U. Emauelsson, C. Folke, M. Ihse, F. Moberg, and M. Nyström. 2003. Reserves, resilience and dynamic landscapes. Ambio 32(6):389-396.
  8. Berkes, F. 2004. Rethinking community-based conservation. Conservation Biology 18(3):621-630.
  9. Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke, editors. 2003. Navigating social-ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  10. Berkes, F., and C. Folke, editors. 1998. Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  11. Brand, F. S., and K. Jax. 2007. Focusing the meaning(s) of resilience: resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object. Ecology and Society 12(1): 23. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandso ciety.org/vol12/iss1/art23/.
  12. Bremner, J., and J. Perez. 2002. A case study of human migration and the sea cucumber crisis in the Galapagos Islands. Ambio 31(4):306-310.
  13. Carpenter, S. R., and C. Folke. 2006. Ecology for transformation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21 (6):309-315.
  14. Carpenter, S. R., and M. G. Turner. 2000. Hares and tortoises: interactions of fast and slow variables in ecosystems. Ecosystems 3(6):495-497.
  15. Carpenter, S., B. Walker, J. M. Anderies, and N. Abel. 2001. From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what? Ecosystems 4 (8):765-781.
  16. Causton, C. E., S. B. Peck, B. J. Sinclair, L. Roque-Albelo, C. J. Hodgson, and B. Landry. 2006. Alien insects: threats and implications for conservation of Galápagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99(1):121-143.
  17. Chapin III, F. S., G. Peterson, F. Berkes, T. V. Callaghan, P. Angelstam, M. Apps, C. Beier, Y. Bergeron, A.-S. Crépin, K. Danell, T. Elmqvist, C. Folke, B. Forbes, N. Fresco, G. Juday, J. Ecology and Society 13(2): 13 http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art13/
  18. Niemelä, A. Shvidenko, and G. Whiteman. 2004. Resilience and vulnerability of northern regions to social and environmental change. Ambio 33 (6):344-349.
  19. Costanza, R., L. Wainger, C. Folke, and K.-G. Mäler. 1993. Modeling complex ecological economic systems: toward an evolutionary, dynamic understanding of people and nature. BioScience 43(8):545-555.
  20. Cremers, L. C. 2002. Irrigated agriculture on the Galapagos Islands: fit for survival. Thesis.
  21. Cundill, G. N. R., C. Fabricius, and N. Marti. 2005. Foghorns to the future: using knowledge and transdisciplinarity to navigate complex systems. Ecology and Society 10(2): 8. [online] URL: http:// www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss2/art8/.
  22. Davidson-Hunt, I. J., and F. Berkes. 2003. Nature and society through the lens of resilience: toward a human-in-ecosystem perspective. Pages 53-82 in F.
  23. Berkes, J. Colding, and C. Folke, editors. Navigating social-ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  24. de Groot, R. S. 1983. Tourism and conservation in the Galapagos Islands. Biological Conservation 26 (4):291-300.
  25. Díaz, S., and M. Cabido. 2001. Vive la différence: plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16 (11):646-655.
  26. Epler, B., and M. E. Proaño. 2007. How many tourists can Galapagos accomodate? Pages 36-41 in Galapagos Report 2006-2007.
  27. Folke, C. 2006a. The economic perspective: conservation against development versus conservation for development. Conservation Biology 20 (3):686-688.
  28. Folke, C. 2006b. Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change 16(3):253-267.
  29. Folke, C., S. Carpenter, B. Walker, M. Scheffer, T. Elmqvist, L. Gunderson, and C. S. Holling. 2004. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 35:557-581.
  30. González, J. A. 2007. Cooperando en un mundo cambiante: una mirada sobre el papel de las organizaciones cooperantes en el presente y futuro de Galápagos. Pages 277-287 in P. Ospina and C. Falconí, editors. Galápagos: migraciones, economía, cultura, conflictos y acuerdos. Corporación Editora Nacional, Quito, Ecuador.
  31. Gunderson, L. H., and C. S. Holling, editors. 2002. Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  32. Heylings, P., and M. Bravo. 2007. Evaluating governance: a process for understanding how co- management is functioning, and why, in the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Ocean and Coastal Management 50(3-4):174-208.
  33. Holling, C. S. 2001. Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems 4(5):390-405.
  34. Kerr, S. A. 2005. What is small island sustainable development about? Ocean and Coastal Management 48(7-8):503-524.
  35. Levin, S. A. 1998. Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems. Ecosystems 1 (5):431-436.
  36. MacFarland, C., and M. Cifuentes. 1996. Case study: Ecuador-Galapagos. Pages 135-188 in V. Dompka, editor. Human population, biodiversity and protected areas: science and policy issues. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Washington, D.C., USA.
  37. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA. Available online at: http://www.millenniumassessment.org/ documents/document.356.aspx.pdf.
  38. Olsson, P., C. Folke, and T. Hahn. 2004. Social- ecological transformation for ecosystem management: the development of adaptive co-management of a wetland landscape in southern Sweden. Ecology and Society 9(4): 2. [online] URL: http://www.ecol ogyandsociety.org/vol9/iss4/art2/.
  39. Perry, R., editor. 1984. Galápagos. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
  40. PNG, FCD, and INGALA, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador. In press.
  41. Scoones, I. 1999. New ecology and the social sciences: what prospects for a fruitful engagement? Annual Review of Anthropology 28:479-507. Ecology and Society 13(2): 13 http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art13/
  42. Snell, H. L., A. Tye, C. E. Causton, and R. Bensted-Smith. 2002. Current status of and threats to the terrestrial biodiversity of Galapagos. Pages 30-47 in R. Bensted-Smith, editor. 2002. A biodiversity vision for the Galapagos Islands.
  43. Taylor, J. E., G. A. Dyer, M. Stewart, A. Yunez- Naude, and S. Ardila. 2003. The economics of ecotourism: a Galápagos Islands economy-wide perspective. Economic Development and Cultural Change 51(4):977-997.
  44. Thompson, J. N., O. J. Reichman, P. J. Morin, G. A. Polis, M. E. Power, R. W. Sterner, C. A. Couch, L. Gough, R. Holt, D. U. Hooper, F. Keesing, C. R. Lovell, B. T. Milne, M. C. Molles, D. W. Roberts, and S. Y. Strauss. 2001. Frontiers of ecology. BioScience 51(1):15-24.
  45. Tye, A., M. C. Soria, and M. R. Gardener. 2002. A strategy for Galapagos weeds. Pages 336-341 in
  46. Walker, B., S. Carpenter, J. Anderies, N. Abel, G. S. Cumming, M. Janssen, L. Lebel, J. Norberg, G. D. Peterson, and R. Pritchard. 2002. Resilience management in social-ecological systems: a working hypothesis for a participatory approach. Conservation Ecology 6(1): 14. [online] URL: http ://www.consecol.org/vol6/iss1/art14/.
  47. Wilkinson, S. R., M. A. Naeth, and F. K. A. Schmiegelow. 2005. Tropical forest restoration within Galapagos National Park: application of a state-transition model. Ecology and Society 10(1): 28. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/ vol10/iss1/art28/.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
González, J. A., Montes, C., Rodríguez, J., & Tapia, W.
Affiliations
  • Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
  • Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica (EC)
ORCID
Venue
Ecology and Society
Publisher
Resilience Alliance, Inc.
Published
2008
Volume
13
Issue
2
ISSN
1708-3087 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.5751/es-02557-130213
OpenAlex
W1517640814
Cited by
286
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
FWCI
41.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Ecology and Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
  • Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Coastal and Marine Management
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Island Studies and Pacific Affairs
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Keywords
Galápagos Islands, social-ecological systems, conservation, natural resource management, human-nature relationship, ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review