The Subject of Gender: Daughters and Mothers in Urban China
Abstract
Women in urban China have lived through decades of political turbulence, extensive socio-economic change, and the transformation of gender practices, expectations, and relationships. Among these is the mother-daughter relationship, one that has profound influence on women's gendered subjectivity but one that has been overlooked in research on gender and family in China. In The Subject of Gender, Harriet Evans reflects on how women in urban China make sense of the shifts in practices and representations of gender that frame their lives and how their self-identification as mothers and daughters contributes to the redefinition of those practices. Based on the memories and experiences of educated and professional women of different ages, this book discusses the mother-daughter relationship through various themes: separation, communication, domestic/public boundaries, male privilege, the sexed body, reproduction, and filial responsibilities. This fascinating work draws on feminist and critical theory and on anthropological and historical research to analyze the changing articulations of gender subjectivity that emerge from the links between discursive shifts, generational difference, and individual experiences of the mother-daughter relationship.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Into the 1990s, as private ownership and enterprise began to take off in the urban sector, many women of the older cohorts found themselves being prematurely retired or laid off.
“Into the 1990s, as private ownership and enterprise began to take off in the urban sector, many women of the older cohorts found themselves being prematurely retired or laid off.”
From “Patchy Patriarchy” and the Shifting Fortunes of the CCP's Promise of Gender Equality since 1921 (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
Official statistics reveal that by the end of 1997, across the country, women constituted 62.8 per cent of the laid-off workers, while they accounted for less than 39 per cent of the total urban workforce.
“Official statistics reveal that by the end of 1997, across the country, women constituted 62.8 per cent of the laid-off workers, while they accounted for less than 39 per cent of the total urban workforce. 16”
From “Patchy Patriarchy” and the Shifting Fortunes of the CCP's Promise of Gender Equality since 1921 (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Meng, B., & Huang, Y. (2017) · Cultural Studies · doi:10.1080/09502386.2017.1328517 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sexed bodies, sexualized identities, and the limits of gender
Evans, H. (2008) · China Information · doi:10.1177/0920203x08091550 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationFilial Piety, Generativity and Older Adults’ Wellbeing and Loneliness in Denmark and China
Ren, P., Emiliussen, J., Christiansen, R., Engelsen, S., & Klausen, S. H. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10053-z · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Zhou, Y. (2020) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12389 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mosaic of beliefs: Comparing gender ideology in China across generation, geography, and gender
Yang, R. (2023) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/00207152221147493 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Privileged Daughters? Gendered Mobility among Highly Educated Chinese Female Migrants in the UK
Tu, M., & Xie, K. (2020) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.v8i2.2675 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Patchy Patriarchy” and the Shifting Fortunes of the CCP's Promise of Gender Equality since 1921
Evans, H. (2021) · The China Quarterly · doi:10.1017/s0305741021000709 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationFilial Daughters? Agency and Subjectivity of Rural Migrant Women in Shanghai
Shen, Y. (2016) · The China Quarterly · doi:10.1017/s0305741016000357 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Donald, S. H. (2010) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276410372238 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Choi, S. Y. P. (2025) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00380261251347742 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The (im)possibilities of queer girlhoods: Chinese girls negotiating queerness and filial piety
Xie, X. (2023) · Global Studies of Childhood · doi:10.1177/20436106231177876 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stevens, C., Murphy, R., Huang, Y., & Baldassar, L. V. (2025) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00380261251347746 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Liu, C., & Elley, S. (2021) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2021.1970717 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sier, W. (2020) · Gender Place & Culture · doi:10.1080/0966369x.2020.1817873 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chiang, H. (2008) · East Asian Science Technology and Society An International Journal · doi:10.1007/s12280-008-9052-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Negotiating Heteronormativity in the Heterosexual Mother–Lesbian Daughter Relationship
Khor, D., & Kamano, S. (2013) · Kazoku syakaigaku kenkyu · doi:10.4234/jjoffamilysociology.25.124 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liu, C., & Zhu, Y. (2023) · Global Studies of Childhood · doi:10.1177/20436106231178010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lin, Z., Lee, C., & Kaur, S. (2024) · China Information · doi:10.1177/0920203x241241370 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Same-gender intimate friends in Chinese girls’ romantic adventures in a boarding school context
Zhu, Y. (2022) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/09075682221122967 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Strong Women in an Online Matriarchal World
Wan, F. (2022) · Sextant · doi:10.4000/sextant.757 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mapping the Chinese Contexts: Cultural Influences and Social Changes
Xu, Q. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46178-0_1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fincher, L. H. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss280 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hu, T., & Yuan, Y. (2026) · Chinese Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/2057150x261498491 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zavoretti, R. (2023) · positions asia critique · doi:10.1215/10679847-10889960 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Women’s Work as Weavers of Tradition
Rautio, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3839-7_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, Q. (2025) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.238 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comment trouver son « Mr Right »
Zavoretti, R. (2018) · Presses de l’Inalco eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pressesinalco.18348
Gendered Subjectivities in a Patriarchal China
Shen, Y. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-5817-3_2
Cao, F. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2962-3_1
Developing identities in family musical involvement: A qualitative study
Gao, Y., MacDonald, R., & Wilson, G. (2024) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/10298649241289747
Relation-Based Legal Consciousness
Liu, Q. (2025) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.238.c
Engendering the Development of the Autism Kangfu Industry in Urban China
An, M. (2025) · China Perspectives · doi:10.4000/149ie
Suzhi and Parental Expectations
Liu, Q. (2025) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.238.d
Anxious Parents and Filial Daughters in the One-Child Nation
Liu, Q. (2025) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.238.b
Liu, Q. (2025) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.238.f
Liu, Q. (2025) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.238.a
Manipulating the Law for Its Imprimatur
Liu, Q. (2025) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.238.e
Back to Family Values: Xi Jinping’s Embracement of Confucianism and its Effect on Chinese Women
Eskelinen, P., Sanmartín, A. V., & Niemi, J. (2022) · Retfærd · doi:10.18261/ret.45.1.3
Irritation, Cooperation, and Human Relationships
Kajanus, A., & Stafford, C. (2026) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/741744
- Authors
- Evans, H.
- Corresponding author
- Evans, Harriet
- ORCID
- Evans, Harriet
- Venue
- Rowman & Littlefield Publishers eBooks
- Publisher
- Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
- Published
- 2007
- OpenAlex
- W4393067744
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Rowman & Littlefield Publishers eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Historical Gender and Feminism Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Keywords
- mother-daughter relationships, gendered subjectivity, urban women, Chinese women, gender and family, filial duty, male privilege, sexed body, reproduction, generational differences, gender practices
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review