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Cited by 124Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteinsAquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton DynamicsPhotosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms

Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacteria: Future Prospect

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A., Ahmed, Hemida, Mohamed, Ohyam, Takuji·2014·Advances in Biology and Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation
DOI 10.5772/56995
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Abstract

Cyanobacteria are often called blue-green algae, this name is convenient for talking about organisms in water that make their own food, but does not reflect any relationship between the cyanobacteria and other organisms called algae. Cyanobacteria are relatives to bacteria, not eukaryotes, and it is only the chloroplast in eukaryotic algae to which cya‐ nobacteria are related. Some cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic, that is, they live in water, and can manufacture their own food. They are quite small and usually uni‐ cellular, though they often grow in colonies large enough to see. In fact, it may surprise you then to know that the cyanobacteria are still around; they are one of the largest and most important groups of bacteria on earth (Berry et al, 2008). The great contribution of cyanobacteria is the origin of plants chloroplast with which plants make food for them‐ selves is actually a cyanobacterium living within the plant's cells. Sometime in the late Proterozoic or in the early Cambrian, cyanobacteria began to take up residence within certain eukaryote cells, making food for the eukaryote host in return for a home. This event is known as endosymbiosis, and is also the origin of eukaryotic mitochondrion (Is‐ sa et al., 2002). Majority of cyanobacteria are aerobic photoautotrophs, their life processes require only water, carbon dioxide, inorganic substances and light. Photosynthesis is their principal mode of energy metabolism. In the natural environment, however, it is known that some species are able to survive long periods in complete darkness. Furthermore, cer‐ tain cyanobacteria show a distinct ability for heterotrophic nutrition (Fay, 1965). Cyano‐ bacteria might be the first plants to colonies bare areas of rock and soil. Adaptations, such as ultraviolet absorbing sheath pigments, increase their fitness in the relatively exposed land environment. Many species are capable of living in soil and other terrestrial habi‐ tats, where they are important in the functional processes of ecosystems and cycling of nutrient elements (Whitton, 1992). The prominent habitats of cyanobacteria are limnic and

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  1. Adams, D.G, Bergman B., Nierzwicki-Bauer S.A., Rai A.N, & Schüβler A. 2006. Cya- nobacterial-plant symbioses. In: Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, Schleifer K-H, Stackebrandt E, eds. The prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria. 3rd edn. Vol. 1. Symbiotic associations, biotechnology, applied microbiology, New York, NY: Springer, 331-363.
  2. Castenholz, R.W. 1973 Ecology of blue-green algae in hot springs. In: N.G. Carr and B.A. Whitton [Eds] The Biology of Blue-Green Algae. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 379-414.
  3. Castenholz, R. W., & Waterbury, J. B. 1989. Group 1. Cyanobacteria. In R. G. E. Mur- ray, D. J. Brenner, M. P. Bryant, J. G. Holt, N. R. Krieg, J. W. Moulder, et al. (Eds.), Bergey's manual of systematicbacteriology (Vol. 3, pp. 1710-1799). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
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  5. Javor , B.J. & Castenholz , R.W. 1984. Invertebrate Grazers of microbial mat, Laguna Gurrero Negro, Mexico. -In: Coheny., Castenholz , R.W. and Halvorson , H. O. (eds): Microbial Mats: Stromatolites. -pp. 85-94, Alan R. Liss, Inc, New york.
  6. Kiran, B., 2007. Heavy metal sequestration from industrial effluent using native and immobilized algal biomass and optimization of metal recovery, Ph.D Thesis.
  7. Mahmoud, A. L. E ,. Issa, A. A. & Abd-Alla M. H. 1992. Survival and Efficincy of N 2 - Fixing Cyanobacteria in Soils under Water Stress. Journal of Islamic Academy of Sci- ences 5:4, 275-278, 1992
  8. Stal, L. 2007. Cyanobacteria: Diversity and versatility. In: J Sedbach (ed) Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology Volume 11, 2007, pp 659-680. Springer, A.A. Dordrecht, Nether- land.
  9. Stewart, W.D.P. 1980. Some aspects of structure and function in N 2 fixation cyano- bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology 34: 497-536.
  10. Whitton, B.A. 1973. Freshwater plankton, In: G.E. Fogg, W.D.P. Stewart, P. Fay and A.E. Walsby [Eds] The Blue-Green Algae. Academic Press, London, 353-367.

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Authors
A., A., Hemida, M., & Ohyam, T.
Venue
Advances in Biology and Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation
Publisher
InTech
Published
2014-01-29
DOI
10.5772/56995
OpenAlex
W1598181668
Cited by
124
References
117
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
FWCI
19.22
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • InTech eBooks (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Contact-less Assessment of In-vivo Body Signals Using Microwave Doppler Radar (InTech) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Keywords
nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, cyanobacteria, endosymbiosis, chloroplast origin, photosynthesis, heterotrophic feeding, nitrogen fixation, cyanobacterial evolution

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