World poverty and human rights: cosmopolitan responsibilities and reforms

Abstract

Introduction.I Some Cautions About Our Moral JudgementsII Four Easy Reasons to Ignore World PovertyIII Defending Our Acquiescence in World PovertyIV Does Our New Global Economic Order Really Not Harm the Poor?V Responsibilities and ReformsChapter 1: Human Flourishing and Universal Justice1.0 Introduction1.1 Social Justice1.2 Paternalism1.3 Justice in First Approximation1.4 Essential Refinements1.5 Human Rights1.6 Specification of Human Rights and Responsibilities for their Realization1.7 ConclusionChapter 2: How Should Human Rights be Conceived?2.0 Introduction2.1 From Natural Law to Rights2.2 From Natural Rights to Human Rights2.3 Official Disrespect2.4 The Libertarian Critique of Social and Economic Rights2.5 The Critique of Social and Economic Rights as 'Manifesto Rights'2.6 Disputes about Kinds of Human RightsChapter 3: Loopholes in Moralities3.0 Introduction3.1 Types of Incentives3.2 Loopholes3.3 Social Arrangements3.4 Case 1: The Converted Apartment Building3.5 Case 2: The Homelands Policy of White South Africa3.6 An Objection3.7 Strengthening3.8 Fictional Histories3.9 Puzzles of Equivalence3.10 ConclusionChapter 4: Moral Universalism and Global Economic Justice4.0 Introduction4.1 Moral Universalism4.2 Our Moral Assessment of National and Global Economic Orders4.3 Some Factual Background about the Global Economic Order4.3.1 The Extent of World Poverty4.3.2 The Extent of Global Inequality4.3.3 Trends in World Poverty and Inequality 4.4 Conceptions of National and Global Economic Justice Contrasted4.5 Moral Universalism and David Miller's Contextualism4.6 Contextualist Moral Universalism and John Rawls's Moral Conception4.7 Rationalizing Divergent Moral Conceptions Through a Double Standard4.8 Rationalizing Divergent Moral Conceptions Without a Double Standard4.9 The Causal Role of Global Institutions in the Persistence of Severe Poverty4.10 ConclusionChapter 5: The Bounds of Nationalism5.0 Introduction5.1 Common Nationalism - Priority for the Interests of Compatriots5.2 Lofty Nationalism - The Justice-for-Compatriots Priority5.3 Explanatory Nationalism - The Deep Significance of National Borders5.4 ConclusionChapter 6: Achieving Democracy6.0 Introduction6.1 The Structure of the Problem Faced by Fledgling Democracies6.2 Reducing the Expected Rewards of Coups d'Etat6.3 Undermining the Borrowing Privilege of Authoritarian Predators6.3.1 The Criterial Problem6.3.2 The Tit-For-Tat Problem6.3.3 The Establishment Problem6.3.4 Synthesis6.4 Undermining the Resource Privilege of Authoritarian Predators6.5 ConclusionChapter 7: Cosmopolitanism and Sovereignty7.0 Introduction7.1 Institutional Cosmopolitanism Based on Human Rights7.2 The Idea of State Sovereignty7.3 Some Main Reasons for a Vertical Dispersal of Sovereignty7.3.1 Peace and Security7.3.2 Reducing Oppression7.3.3 Global Economic Justice7.3.4 Ecology/Democracy7.4 The Shaping and Reshaping of Political Units7.5 ConclusionChapter 8: Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend8.0 Introduction8.1 Radical Inequality and Our Responsibility8.2 Three Grounds of Injustice8.2.1 The Effects of Shared Social Institutions8.2.2 Uncompensated Exclusion from the Use of Natural Resources8.2.3 The Effects of a Common and Violent History8.3 A Moderate Proposal8.4 The Moral Argument for the Proposed Reform8.5 Is the Reform Proposal Realistic?8.6 ConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex