Giving Credit: How Well Do Librarians Cite and Quote Their Sources?
Open accessAbstract
The practice of citing references is integral to scholarship. This paper focuses on three prominent journals for library science: College and Research Libraries, Library Resources and Technical Services, and Reference and User Services Quarterly. Errors in both citations and quotations were found in all three journals, although no statistically significant differences among journals were discovered. Citation errors of less than 10 percent were found for all three journals, while in total, 30.3 percent of quotations were judged to be questionable in some way. The paper includes recommendations for authors, editors and librarians. It also recommends further study of errors in quotations, which appear more troubling than those in citations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In Genzinger and Wills (2017), 25.8% of verified references in three library science journals contained at least one error.
“Unclear 25.8% N/A Article title”
From Reference accuracy of primary studies published in peer-reviewed scholarly journals: A scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as Genzinger and Wills (2017)
The Citation Accuracy section reports 472 references, of which 366 (77.5%) were error-free; thus 106 (22.5%) contained at least one error. Its 25.8% figure is 122 total errors divided by 472 references, not the percentage of references with an error. The paper studies the three journals named in the claim, but the claimed percentage describes the wrong measure. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEditorial policies do not seem to influence reference accuracy.
“Editorial policies do not seem to influence reference accuracy (Genzinger and Wills, 2017)”
From Reference accuracy of primary studies published in peer-reviewed scholarly journals: A scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as Genzinger and Wills, 2017
Genzinger and Wills (2017) reported an overall error rate of 25.8%.
“Genzinger and Wills (2017) reported an overall error rate of 25.8% yet also report that all articles with incorrect citations were found through a Google search.”
From Reference accuracy of primary studies published in peer-reviewed scholarly journals: A scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as Genzinger and Wills (2017)
Genzinger and Wills (2017) reported that all articles with incorrect citations were found through a Google search.
“Genzinger and Wills (2017) reported an overall error rate of 25.8% yet also report that all articles with incorrect citations were found through a Google search.”
From Reference accuracy of primary studies published in peer-reviewed scholarly journals: A scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as Genzinger and Wills (2017)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
How accurate are quotations and references in medical journals?
de Lacey, G., Record, C., & Wade, J. (1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6499.884 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Asher, A. D., Duke, L. M., & Wilson, S. (2013) · College & Research Libraries · doi:10.5860/crl-374 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Eichorn, P., & Yankauer, A. (1987) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.77.8.1011 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Quotation accuracy in medical journal articles—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jergas, H., & Baethge, C. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1364 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Risk factors for citation errors in peer‐reviewed nursing journals
Lok, C. K. W., Chan, M. T. V., & Martinson, I. M. (2001) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01748.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Accuracy of references in five leading medical journals
Siebers, R., & Holt, S. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74090-3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Technical editing of research reports in biomedical journals
Wager, E., & Middleton, P. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000002.pub3 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
One in four citations in marine biology papers is inappropriate
Todd, P., Guest, Jr., Lu, J., & Chou, L. (2010) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps08587 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Referencing and quotation accuracy in four manual therapy journals
Gosling, C. M., Cameron, M., & Gibbons, P. F. (2004) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/s1356-689x(03)00056-0 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Quotation and Reference Accuracy of Three Nursing Journals
Schulmeister, L. (1998) · Image: the Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01269.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Reference accuracy in the emergency medicine literature
Goldberg, R., Newton, E., Cameron, J., Jacobson, R., Chan, L., Bukata, W. R., & Rakab, A. (1993) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81995-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Reference citations in radiology: accuracy and appropriateness of use in two major journals.
Hansen, M. E., & McIntire, D. D. (1994) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.163.3.8079876 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Reference accuracy in the dermatologic literature
George, P. M., & Robbins, K. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(94)70136-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Accuracy of citation and quotation in foot and ankle surgery journals
Luo, M., Li, C. C., Molina, D., Andersen, C. R., & Panchbhavi, V. K. (2013) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/1071100713475354 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Accuracy of references in nursing journals
Foreman, M. D., & Kirchhoff, K. T. (1987) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770100310 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Practical Effects of Errors in Reference Lists in Nursing Research Journals
Taylor, M. K. (1998) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-199809000-00010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Accuracy of Published Medical Reference Citations
Goodrich, J. E., & Roland, C. G. (1977) · Journal of Technical Writing and Communication · doi:10.2190/2b2a-f34l-0txg-wnq7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Accuracy of references and quotations in veterinary journals
Hinchcliff, K. W., Bruce, N. J., Powers, J. D., & Kipp, M. L. (1993) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1993.202.03.397 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Citation accuracy in environmental science journals
Lopresti, R. (2010) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-010-0293-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Referencing practices in physical geography: How well do we cite what we write?
Haussmann, N. S., McIntyre, T., Bumby, A. J., & Loubser, M. J. (2013) · Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment · doi:10.1177/0309133313482135 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Reference Accuracy in The Journal of Hand Surgery
Jackson, K., Porrino, J. A., Tan, V., & Daluiski, A. (2003) · The Journal of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1053/jhsu.2003.50085 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Citation Accuracy in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Literature
Mohammad, A. E., & Laskin, D. M. (2008) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2007.06.682 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Drake, D. C., Maritz, B., Jacobs, S. M., Crous, C. J., Engelbrecht, A., Etale, A., Fourie, M. J., Furniss, D. G., Scott, S. L., Parusnath, S., et al. (2013) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1392-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 73
- Giving Credit in Paediatric Journals," Archives of Disease in Childhood 85, no. 6 (2001): 497, https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.85.6.497; · DOI
- U. Y. Raja and J. G. Cooper, "How Accurate Are the References in Emergency Medical Journal?," Emergency Medicine Journal: EMJ 23, no. 8 (August 2006): 625, https://doi.org/10.1136/emj .2004.022103. · DOI
- J. E. Fenton et al., "The Accuracy of Citation and Quotation in Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Journals," Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences 25, no. 1 (February 2000): 41, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764235.
- Scott E. Wilks et al., "Reference Accuracy Among Research Articles Published in Research on Social Work Practice," Research on Social Work Practice (2016): 3, https://doi.org /10.1177/1049731515626802. · DOI
- Migiwa Asano et al., "Improvement of the Accuracy of Refer- ences in the Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia," Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthésie 42, no. 5 (1995): 370-72.
- Bert R. Boyce and Carolyn Sue Banning, "Data Accuracy in Cita- tion Studies," RQ 18, no. 4 (1979): 349-50.
- Nancy N. Pope, "Accuracy of References in Ten Library Science Journals," RQ 32, no. 2 (1992): 241. This study includes the journals College & Research Libraries, Library Resources & Techni- cal Services, and RQ, the former title for Reference & User Services Quarterly, in its journal selection.
- Idrisa Pandit, "Citation Errors in Library Literature: A Study of Five Library Science Journals," Library & Information Science Research 15, no. 2 (1993): 193.
- Karen Davies, "Reference Accuracy in Library and Information Science Journals," Aslib Proceedings 64, no. 4 (2012): 379, https:// doi.org/10.1108/00012531211244734. · DOI
- Hsuan-Hung Kao and Wen-Yau Cathy Lin, "Quotation Errors in the Articles of Library and Information Science Journals in Taiwan," Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences 52, no. 2 (2015): 151, https://doi.org/10.6120/JoEMLS.2015.522/0009 .RS.AM. · DOI
- James T. Evans, Howard I. Nadjari, and Sherry A. Burchell, "Quo- tational and Reference Accuracy in Surgical Journals: A Con- tinuing Peer Review Problem," JAMA 263, no. 10 (1990): 1353;
- J. E. Fenton et al., "The Accuracy of Citation and Quotation," 41, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764235; Sammy References
- Ole Bjørn Rekdal, "Academic Citation Practice: A Sinking Sheep?," portal: Libraries and the Academy 14, no. 4 (2014): 571, https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2014.0025. · DOI
- Andrew Booth, "A Checker's Career?," Health Information and Libraries Journal 21, no. 4 (2004): 269-72, https://doi .org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2004.00538.x; · DOI
- Lisa G. O'Connor and Cindy Kristof, "Verify Your Citations: Accuracy of Reference Citations in Twelve Business and Economics Journals," Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 6, no. 4 (2001): 23-40.
- Vijay J. Roach, Tze K. Lau, and Warwick D. Ngan Kee, "The Quality of Citations in Major International Obstetrics and Gynecology Journals," American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 177, no. 4 (1997): 973-75.
- Examples include Gale Oren and Maureen Watson, "Accuracy of References in the Ophthalmic Literature," Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA 97, no. 2 (April 2009): 143, https://doi .org/10.3163/1536-5050.97.2.014; · DOI
- A. Vargas-Origel, G. Gomez- Martinez, and M. A. Vargas-Nieto, "The Accuracy of References FEATURE Al-Benna et al., "Accuracy of References in Burns Journals," Burns 35, no. 5 (August 2009): 678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j .burns.2008.11.014. · DOI · Paper page
- Sung Yul Lee and Jong Suk Lee, "A Survey of Reference Accuracy in Two Asian Dermatologic Journals (the Journal of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology)," International Journal of Dermatology 38, no. 5 (1999): 357;
- Jergas and Baethge, "Quotation Accuracy in Medical Journal Articles," 5.
- Judith M. Nixon, "Core Journals in Library and Information Science: Developing a Method for Ranking LIS Journals," Col- lege & Research Libraries 75, no. 1 (2014): 84, 71, https://doi .org/10.5860/crl12-387. · DOI
- Marilyn H. Oermann and Linda D. Ziolkowski, "Accuracy of References in Three Critical Care Nursing Journals," Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 17, no. 2 (April 2002): 78-83, https://doi .org/10.1053/jpan.2002.31658. · DOI
- Ma Luo et al., "Accuracy of Citation and Quotation in Foot and Ankle Surgery Journals," Foot & Ankle International 34, no. 7 (2013): 953.
- Jergas and Baethge, "Quotation Accuracy in Medical Journal Articles," 13. APPENDIX. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOURNAL ARTICLES
- Al-Benna, Sammy, Prachi Rajgarhia, Safraz Ahmed, and Zeeshan Sheikh. "Accuracy of References in Burns Jour- nals." Burns 35, no. 5 (August 2009): 677-80. https://doi .org/10.1016/j.burns.2008.11.014. · DOI · Paper page
- Asano, Migiwa, Katsuya Mikawa, Kahoru Nishina, Nobuhiro Maekawa, and Hidefumi Obara. "Improvement of the Accu- racy of References in the Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia." Ca- nadian Journal of Anaesthesia-Journal Canadien D'anesthésie 42, no. 5 (1995): 370-72.
- Asher, Andrew D., Lynda M. Duke, and Suzanne Wilson. "Paths of Discovery: Comparing the Search Effectiveness of EBSCO Discovery Service, Summon, Google Scholar, and Conventional Library Resources." College & Research Librar- ies 74, no. 5 (2013): 464-88. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-374. · DOI · Paper page
- Benning, Susan P., and Susan C. Speer. "Incorrect Citations: A Comparison of Library Literature with Medical Literature." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 81, no. 1 January (1993): 56-58.
- Booth, Andrew. "A Checker's Career?" Health Information and Libraries Journal 21, no. 4 (2004): 269-72. https://doi .org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2004.00538.x. · DOI
- Boyce, Bert R., and Carolyn Sue Banning. "Data Accuracy in Citation Studies." RQ 18, no. 4 (1979): 349-50.
- Buchan, John C., John Norris, and Hannah Kuper. "Accuracy of Referencing in the Ophthalmic Literature." American Jour- nal of Ophthalmology 140, no. 6 (December 2005): 1146-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2005.07.018. · DOI
- Davids, Jon R., Daniel M. Weigl, Joye P. Edmonds, and Dawn W. Blackhurst. "Reference Accuracy in Peer-Reviewed Pedi- atric Orthopaedic Literature." The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.American Volume 92, no. 5 (2010): 1155-61. https:// doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00063. · DOI · Paper page
- Davies, Karen. "Reference Accuracy in Library and Infor- mation Science Journals." Aslib Proceedings 64, no. 4 (2012): 373-87. https://doi.org/10.1108/00012531211244734. · DOI
- de Lacey, Gerald, Carol Record, and Jenny Wade. "How Ac- curate Are Quotations and References in Medical Journals?" British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.) 291 (1985): 884-86.
- Doms, C. A. "A Survey of Reference Accuracy in Five National Dental Journals." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 3 (March 1989): 442-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pubmed/2921384.
- Holt, Shaun, Robert Siebers, Aneta Suder, Rachel Loan, and Oliver Jeffery. "Accuracy of References in Australian and New Zealand Medical Journals." New Zealand Medical Journal 113, no. 1119 (2000): 416-17.
- Jergas, Hannah, and Christopher Baethge. "Quotation Ac- curacy in Medical Journal Articles-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." PeerJ 3 (2015): e1364. https://doi.org /10.7717/peerj.1364. · DOI · Paper page
- Kao, Hsuan-Hung and Wen-Yau Cathy Lin. "Quotation Errors in the Articles of Library and Information Science Journals in Taiwan." Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences 52, no. 2 (2015): 127-56. https://doi.org/10.6120 /JoEMLS.2015.522/0009.RS.AM. Key, Jack D., and Charles G. Roland. "Reference Accuracy in Articles Accepted for Publication in the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 58, no. 3 (1977): 136-37. · DOI
- Kristof, Cindy. "Accuracy of Reference Citations in Five En- tomology Journals." American Entomologist 43, no. 4 (1997): 246-51.
- Lee, Sung Yul, and Jong Suk Lee. "A Survey of Reference Accuracy in Two Asian Dermatologic Journals (the Journal of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology)." In- ternational Journal of Dermatology 38, no. 5 (1999): 357-60.
- Lok, Candy K. W., Matthew T. V. Chan, and Ida M. Martinson. "Risk Factors for Citation Errors in Peer-Reviewed Nursing Journals." Journal of Advanced Nursing 34, no. 2 (April 2001): 223-29. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11430284.
- Lopresti, Robert. "Citation Accuracy in Environmental Sci- ence Journals." Scientometrics 85, no. 3 (December 2010): 647-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-010-0293-6. Hydrobiologia 702, no. 1 (2013): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s10750-012-1392-6. · DOI · Paper page
- Eichorn, Philip, and Alfred Yankauer. "Do Authors Check Their References? A Survey of Accuracy of References in Three Public Health Journals." American Journal of Pub- lic Health 77, no. 8 (August 1987): 1011-12. http://www .pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1647239&t ool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
- Evans, James T., Howard I. Nadjari, Sherry A. Burchell. "Quotational and Reference Accuracy in Surgical Journals: A Continuing Peer Review Problem." JAMA 263, no. 10 (1990): 1353-54.
- Fenton, J. E., H. Brazier, A. De Souza, J. P. Hughes, and D. P. McShane. "The Accuracy of Citation and Quotation in Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Journals." Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences 25, no. 1 (February 2000): 40-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764235.
- George, Pierre M., and Kathryn Robbins. "Reference Accu- racy in the Dermatologic Literature." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 31, no. 1 (July 1994): 61-64. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70136-9. · DOI · Paper page
- Gupta, Piyush, Mukesh Yadav, Anup Mohta, and Panna Choudhury. "References in Indian Pediatrics: Authors Need to Be Accurate." Indian Pediatratrics 42, no. 2 (2005): 140-45.
- Oermann, Marilyn H., Nancy A. Wilmes, and Patricia Bras- ki. "Reference Accuracy in Neonatal-Maternal Nursing Lit- erature." Neonatal Network 21, no. 1 (February 2002): 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.21.1.23. Oermann, Marilyn H., and Linda D. Ziolkowski. "Accuracy of References in Three Critical Care Nursing Journals." Jour- nal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 17, no. 2 (April 2002): 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpan.-2002.31658. · DOI
- Oren, Gale, and Maureen Watson. "Accuracy of References in the Ophthalmic Literature." Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA 97, no. 2 (April 2009): 142-45. https://doi .org/10.3163/1536-5050.97.2.014. · DOI
- Orlin, Wayne, Jason Pehling, and M. Anthony Pogrel. "Do Authors Check Their References? A Survey of 500 References from the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 54, no. 2 (1996): 200-202.
- Pandit, Idrisa. "Citation Errors in Library Literature: A Study of Five Library Science Journals." Library & Information Sci- ence Research 15, no. 2 (1993): 185-98.
- Pope, Nancy N. "Accuracy of References in Ten Library Sci- ence Journals." RQ 32, no. 2 (1992): 240-43.
- Poyer, Robert K. "Inaccurate References in Significant Jour- nals of Science." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 67, no. 4 (1979): 396-98.
- Raja, U. Y., and J. G. Cooper. "How Accurate Are the Refer- ences in Emergency Medical Journal?" Emergency Medicine Journal: EMJ 23, no. 8 (August 2006): 625-26. https://doi .org/10.1136/emj. 2004.022103. · DOI
- Rekdal, Ole Bjørn. "Academic Citation Practice: A Sinking Sheep?" portal: Libraries and the Academy 14, no. 4 (2014): 567-85. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2014.0025. · DOI
- Roach, Vijay J., Tze K. Lau, and Warwick D. Ngan Kee. "The Quality of Citations in Major International Obstetrics and Gynecology Journals." American Journal of Obstetrics & Gy- necology 177, no. 4 (1997): 973-75.
- Siebers, Robert. "The Accuracy of References of Three Al- lergy Journals." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Luki, Ivan Kresimir, Anita Luki, Vicko Glunci, Vedran Katavi, Vladimira Vucenik, and Ana Marusi. "Citation and Quotation Accuracy in Three Anatomy Journals." Clinical Anatomy 17, no. 7 (2004): 534-39.
- McLellan, M. Faith, L. Douglas Case, and Molly C. Barnett. "Trust, but Verify: The Accuracy of References in Four An- esthesia Journals." Anesthesiology 77, no. 1 (1992): 185-88.
- Mohammad, Ali E., and Daniel M Laskin. "Citation Accuracy in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Literature." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 66, no. 1 (January 2008): 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2007.06.682. · DOI · Paper page
- Ngan Kee, Warwick D., Vijay J. Roach, and Tze K. Lau. "How Accurate Are References in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 67, no. 7 (1997): 417-19.
- Ngan Kee, Warwick D., Vijay J, Roach, and Tze K. Lau. "The Accuracy of References in the Hong Kong Medical Journal." Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 1997): 377-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847389.
- Nishina, K., M. Asano, K. Mikawa, N. Maekawa, and H. Obara. "The Accuracy of Reference Lists in Acta Anaesthe- siologica Scandinavica." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 39, no. 5 (July 1995): 577-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pubmed/7572002.
- Nixon, Judith. M. "Core Journals in Library and Information Science: Developing a Methodology for Ranking LIS Jour- nals." College & Research Libraries 75, no. 1 (2014): 66-90. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl12-387. · DOI
- Nuckles, D. B., N. N. Pope, and J. D. Adams. "A Survey of the Accuracy of References in 10 Dental Journals." Operative Dentistry 18, no. 1 (1993): 28-32.
- O'Connor, Alan E. "Review of the Accuracy of References in the Journal Emergency Medicine." Emergency Medicine Austral- asia 14, no. 2 (2002): 139-41.
- O'Connor, Lisa G., and Cindy Kristof. "Verify Your Citations: Accuracy of Reference Citations in Twelve Business and Eco- nomics Journals." Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 6, no. 4 (2001): 23-40.
- Todd, Peter A., Darren C. J. Yeo, Daiqin Li, and Richard J. La- dle. "Citing Practices in Ecology: Can We Believe Our Own Words?" Oikos 116, no. 9 (September 2007): 1599-1601. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15992.x. · DOI
- Vargas-Origel, A., G. Gómez-Martinez, and M. A. Vargas- Nieto. "The Accuracy of References in Paediatric Journals." Archives of Disease in Childhood 85, no. 6 (2001): 497-98. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.85.6.497. · DOI
- Wilks, Scott E., Jennifer R. Geiger, Samantha M. Bates, and Amy L. Wright. "Reference Accuracy Among Research Articles Published in Research on Social Work Practice." Research on Social Work Practice (2016): 1-5. https://doi .org/10.1177/1049731515626802. 105, no. 4 (April 2000): 837-38. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai .2000.104935. · DOI
- Spivey, Christina A., and Scott E. Wilks. "Reference List Accuracy in Social Work Journals." Research on So- cial Work Practice 14, no. 4 (2004): 281-86. https://doi .org/10.1177/1049731503262131. · DOI
- Stull, G. Alan, Robert W. Christina, and Sherrill A. Quinn. "Accuracy of References in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 62, no. 3 (1991): 245-48.
- Todd, Peter A., James R. Guest, Junxiu Lu, and Loke Ming Chou. "One in Four Citations in Marine Biology Papers is Inappropriate." Marine Ecology Progress Series 408 (June 3, 2010): 299-303. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08587. · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Logan, S. W., Hussong-Christian, U., Case, L., & Noregaard, S. (2024) · Journal of Librarianship and Information Science · doi:10.1177/09610006231177715 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Genzinger, P., & Wills, D.
- ORCID
- Genzinger, Peter
- Venue
- Reference & User Services Quarterly
- Publisher
- American Library Association
- Published
- 2017-10-09
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-41
- ISSN
- 1094-9054 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2761552904
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Reference & User Services Quarterly (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Scholars Commons (Wilfrid Laurier University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Waterloo
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Science and Information Literacy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Keywords
- citation errors, quotation errors, source attribution, academic integrity, library science journals, scholarly publishing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review