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Toward a Framework for Levels of Robot Autonomy in Human-Robot Interaction

Open access
Beer, Jenay M, Fisk, Arthur D, Rogers, Wendy A·2014·Journal of Human-Robot Interaction

Abstract

A critical construct related to human-robot interaction (HRI) is autonomy, which varies widely across robot platforms. Levels of robot autonomy (LORA), ranging from teleoperation to fully autonomous systems, influence the way in which humans and robots may interact with one another. Thus, there is a need to understand HRI by identifying variables that influence - and are influenced by - robot autonomy. Our overarching goal is to develop a framework for levels of robot autonomy in HRI. To reach this goal, the framework draws links between HRI and human-automation interaction, a field with a long history of studying and understanding human-related variables. The construct of autonomy is reviewed and redefined within the context of HRI. Additionally, the framework proposes a process for determining a robot's autonomy level, by categorizing autonomy along a 10-point taxonomy. The framework is intended to be treated as guidelines to determine autonomy, categorize the LORA along a qualitative taxonomy, and consider which HRI variables (e.g., acceptance, situation awareness, reliability) may be influenced by the LORA.

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Metadata

Authors
Beer, J. M., Fisk, A. D., & Rogers, W. A.
Venue
Journal of Human-Robot Interaction
Published
2014-06-01
Volume
3
Issue
2
Pages
74
ISSN
2163-0364 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2109135966
Cited by
629
References
78
FWCI
19.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toward a Framework for Levels of Robot Autonomy in Human-Robot Interaction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5898/jhri.3.2.beer
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Beer, J. M., Fisk, A. D., & Rogers, W. A. (2014). Toward a Framework for Levels of Robot Autonomy in Human-Robot Interaction. Journal of Human-Robot Interaction. https://doi.org/10.5898/jhri.3.2.beer

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