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Mothers and fathers in NICU: The impact of preterm birth on parental distress
Open accessAbstract
Preterm birth is a stressful event for families. In particular, the unexpectedly early delivery may cause negative feelings in mothers and fathers. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between preterm birth, parental stress and negative feelings, and the environmental setting of NICU. 21 mothers (age = 36.00 ± 6.85) and 19 fathers (age = 34.92 ± 4.58) of preterm infants (GA = 30.96 ± 2.97) and 20 mothers (age = 40.08 ± 4.76) and 20 fathers (age = 40.32 ± 6.77) of full-term infants (GA = 39.19 ± 1.42) were involved. All parents filled out the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the Impact of Event Scale Revised, Profile of Mood States, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire. Our data showed differences in emotional reactions between preterm and full-term parents. Results also revealed significant differences between mothers and fathers' responses to preterm birth in terms of stress, negative feelings, and perceptions of social support. A correlation between negative conditions at birth (e.g., birth weight and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay) and higher scores in some scales of Impact of Event Scale Revised, Profile of Mood States and Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire were found. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit may be a stressful place both for mothers and fathers. It might be useful to plan, as soon as possible, interventions to help parents through the experience of the premature birth of their child and to begin an immediately adaptive mode of care.
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“Since mothers often spend more time in the NICU and experience immediate trauma, maternal postpartum depression is a strong predictor of paternal anxiety and depression [59].”
From Fathers at risk: Effects of threatened and actual preterm birth on the course of paternal peripartum depression and anxiety (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
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A scoping review of satisfaction of parents of babies in NICU units
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Hwu, L., Liu, S., Chen, S.-M., & Ku, M. (2022) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms/152361
“such as the Impact of Event Scale, Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [13], and Parenting Stress Index.”
MethodAraújo, L. K. D. S., Daameche, L. N. A., Tristão, R. M., & Costa, K. N. (2022) · Brasília Médica · doi:10.5935/2236-5117.2022v59a242
Fatores preditores do stress parental nas unidades de neonatologia
Sousa, F. P., & Curado, M. A. S. (2020) · Pensar Enfermagem - Revista Científica | Journal of Nursing · doi:10.56732/pensarenf.v24i1.166
Avaliação do stress parental na Unidade de Neonatologia
Sousa, F. P., & Curado, M. A. S. (2021) · Pensar Enfermagem - Revista Científica | Journal of Nursing · doi:10.56732/pensarenf.v24i2.174
“Os pais sentem a sua incapacidade para cuidar do filho (Govindaswamy et al., 2019; Grosik, 2013; Ionio et al., 2016), de protegê-lo da dor e dos procedimentos, sobretudo os dolorosos (De Bernardo et al., 2017; Diffin et al., 2016; Kegler et al., 2019; Rhoads et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPadres canguro renuentes al egreso hospitalario: un análisis temático
Montealegre, A., Sánchez, J. C., Perilla, A. D., & Sánchez, S. M. P. (2022) · Universitas Médica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.umed63-2.kang
Supporting Early Parenting Following Preterm Birth
Parascandalo, R. P., & Hugill, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17285-4_7
Subhashini, L., Radha, M. S., Stephina, S., Rose, S. D., & Praveena, P. (2019) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.58739/jcbs/v09i1.2
A Family Tune: Music Therapy with Preterm Infants and Their Parents a mixed methods study
Yakobson, D. (2021) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · doi:10.54337/aau460114569
The difficult motherhood of women raising prematurely born children
Sobek, J., & Walkiewicz-Krutak, M. (2022) · Man – Disability – Society · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0016.3304
Rubin, L. P., Wolfe, J., Pels, T., Ressel, C., & Ruben, L. S. R. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125584/v1
Šimunić, A., Slišković, A., Tokić, A., Ombla, J., & Stewart, L. M. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13090710
“The birth of a child with a developmental risk and/or learning that one’s child has a developmental disability is a traumatic event for parents that requires resources to overcome the trauma and cope with the numerous challenges of caring for a child with an atypical developmental trajectory [2,3].”
BackgroundPflegekonzept zur Betreuung stark belasteter Eltern von Frühgeborenen
Oßwald, J., & Sailer, M. (2023) · JuKiP - Ihr Fachmagazin für Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege · doi:10.1055/a-2131-7347
“Aus diesen Gründen ist es notwendig, dass Eltern von Frühgeborenen direkt ab der Geburt angemessen betreut werden: zum einen durch eine psychologische Betreuung, zum anderen mittels angemessener Betreuung während des Stationsalltags auf der neonatologischen Intensivstation durch das Pflegepersonal [2][3][6].”
BackgroundBECOMING A FATHER TO A PRETERM CHILD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Ferreira, E. H. M., Magalhães, R. S. R., Lima, F. L. A., & Wanderley, R. (2023) · Psicologia Saúde & Doenças · doi:10.15309/23psd240225
Kasmiati, K., & Fauziah, A. (2023) · Jurnal Kebidanan · doi:10.32695/jbd.v3i2.499
L'enfant dans son environnement
Koliouli, F., Adama, E. A., Bénard, M., Glorieux, I., Zaouche-Gaudron, C., & finesse, É. (2024) · Érès eBooks · doi:10.3917/eres.zaouc.2024.01.0263
Prematuridade e estresse parental: uma análise das sugestões de estudos futuros
Santo, L. C. D. E., Oliveira, L. S. M., & Silva, S. S. D. C. (2023) · Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.33881/2027-1786.rip.16307
Piccolo, R., Sayed, S. E., & Bove, D. (2024) · Scenario - Il Nursing nella sopravvivenza · doi:10.4081/scenario.2024.578
Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Related Factors in Parents of Preterm Infants Hospitalized in NICU
Ioannou, I., & Giotsa, A. Z. (2024) · Journal of Pediatrics Research Reviews & Reports · doi:10.47363/jprrr/2024(6)161 · Cited by 1
A koraszülés pszichoszociális vetületei
Monostori, D., & Lampek, K. (2024) · Szociális Szemle · doi:10.15170/socrev.2024.17.01.07
Bhar, I., & Lévesque, S. (2023) · Travail social. · doi:10.7202/1112178ar
Chandrasekaran, S. A., John, H. B., Padankatti, S. M., Lydia, D. M., Gowri, S. M., & Santhanam, S. (2023) · The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_32_23
Desai, S. S., Prakash, R. H., Mehta, J., & Mahida, A. (2024) · Journal of the Scientific Society · doi:10.4103/jss.jss_402_23
Decataldo, A., Paleardi, F., Lauritano, G., Figlino, M. F., Russo, C., Novello, N., Fiore, B., Ciuffo, G., & Ionio, C. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/63483 · Cited by 1
“…aim to give voice to preterm parents and their Recent studies highlight the importance of fostering the parent-newborn bond, showing that strengthening this interaction benefits both parents—through reduced anxiety and depression—and children, who experience improved neurological outcomes [6].”
InfluentialSelf-citationParental separation following preterm delivery in Canada: a population-based cohort study
Louis, D., Nykiforuk, A., Chiu, A., Oberoi, S., Ruth, C., Flaten, L., Bolton, J. M., Akil, H., Bacchini, F., Netzel, K., et al. (2024) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002408
van Rens, M. R., & Hugill, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81602-4_3
Integrating Neonatal Vascular Access and Neuroprotective Care
van Rens, M. R., & Hugill, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81602-4_8
Laporte, G., Gélinas, C., Genest, C., & Aita, M. (2025) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2025.04.002
Farkouh‐Karoleski, C., Myers, M. M., Grieve, P. G., Isler, J. R., Ludwig, R. J., Lui, E., Bryjak, S., Finnegan, C., & Welch, M. G. (2025) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.70066
Le, Q., Lan, H., Hu, M.-K., Wu, L., Wang, L., Wang, S., Tao, J., & Wang, H. (2025) · Global Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100271
Peterson, J. (2024) · Journal of Healthcare Simulation · doi:10.54531/qaqr9024
Metadata
- Authors
- Ionio, C., Colombo, C., Brazzoduro, V., Mascheroni, E., Confalonieri, E., Castoldi, F., & Lista, G.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Ospedale dei Bambini Vittore Buzzi (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Ionio, Chiara
- ORCID
- Venue
- Europe’s Journal of Psychology
- Published
- 2016-11-18
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 604-621
- ISSN
- 1841-0413 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5114875
- OpenAlex
- W2550032293
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 23.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Europe’s Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- PsychOpen Gold (Leibniz Institute for Psychology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Psychology Archives (cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- preterm birth, parental stress, parents, neonatal intensive care unit, negative emotions, perceived social support, postpartum bonding, birth weight, term infants, family stress
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