The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire: a validation
Abstract
This is a validation of a self-rating questionnaire designed to detect disorders of the mother-infant relationship. 125 subjects filled in the questionnaire, and were also interviewed using the 5(th) Edition of the Birmingham Interview for Maternal Mental Health. On the basis of these interviews and the case records, we made consensus diagnoses of various forms and degrees of mother infant relationship disorder, according to criteria published in this paper. We calculated specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value of the four scale scores generated by the questionnaire. Scale 1 (a general factor) had a sensitivity of 0.82 for all mother-infant relationship disorders. Scale 2 (rejection and pathological anger) had a sensitivity of 0.88 for rejection of the infant, but only 0.67 for severe anger. The performance of scale 3 (infant-focused anxiety) was unsatisfactory. Scale 4 (incipient abuse) selected only a few mothers, but was of some value in identifying those at high risk of child abuse. Revision of the thresholds can improve sensitivity, especially of scale 2, where a cut-off point of 12 = normal, 13 = high better identifies mothers with threatened rejection. These new cut-off points would need validation in another sample.
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Anxious-over-attentive mothers may be more likely to endorse bonding assessment items indicating a strong desire for affective connection and physical and emotional proximity to their infant, whereas anxious-rejecting mothers would typically be less likely to endorse these items.
“Anxious-over-attentive mothers may be more likely to endorse bonding assessment items indicating a strong desire for affective connection and physical and emotional proximity to their infant (Brockington et al., 2006), whereas anxious-rejecting mothers would typically be less likely to endorse these items.”
From Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Brockington et al., 2006
The PBQ comprises 25 items, all assessed using a six-point Likert scale of frequency reflecting elements of emotions, behaviours, and cognitions relating to the infant.
“The PBQ is similarly nuanced, comprising 25-items, all assessed using a six-point Likert scale of frequency reflecting elements of emotions, behaviours, and cognitions relating to the infant.”
From Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Brockington et al., 2006
The magnitude of associations between postpartum depression and anxiety with bonding problems support prior reports and theoretical perspectives that, despite some affective overlap, these are distinct constructs, and for many mothers they do not co-occur.
“The magnitude of associations between postpartum depression and anxiety with bonding problems support prior reports and theoretical perspectives that, despite some affective overlap, these are distinct co”
From Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Brockington et al., 2006
The PBQ is a 25-item self-report measure that assesses mother-infant bonding through the mother's feelings and attitudes toward her infant.
“The PBQ (Brockington et al., 2006) is a 25-item self-report measure that assesses mother-infant bonding through the mother's feelings and attitudes toward her infant.”
From App-based intervention for reducing depressive symptoms in postpartum women: Protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Brockington et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Brockington, I. F., Fraser, C., & Wilson, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (CA)
- ORCID
- Brockington, I. F.
- Venue
- Archives of Women's Mental Health
- Published
- 2006-05-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 233-242
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- OpenAlex
- W2122318173
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, mother-infant relationship, postpartum depression, maternal rejection, maternal anger, child abuse risk, questionnaire validation, sensitivity and specificity, cut-off values
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, England, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mother-Child Relations, New Zealand, Object Attachment, Surveys and Questionnaires, Postpartum Period
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