The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence and Profiling: Hazing Among College Students and Points of Intervention
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine university students' attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs related to hazing. METHODS: A random and representative sample of students completed a web-based survey regarding team-building and initiation behaviors (N=736). RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of the respondents participated in hazing. Greeks, males, varsity athletes, leaders, and upperclassmen were more likely to engage in hazing. Students who engaged in hazing were more likely to engage in positive team-building activities. CONCLUSIONS: Hazing is occurring on campus, although not always recognized as such by students. Various factors that would enable someone to stop a hazing situation are addressed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Campo et al. (2005) found being a leader and believing that hazing builds group cohesion increased the likelihood of self-identifying as a hazer”
From The Influence of Fraternity and Sorority Involvement: A Critical Analysis of Research (1996–2013) (2014) · cites this paper as Campo et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“being in a fraternity/sorority, participating in varsity athletics, and believing hazing builds cohesion increased the likelihood of identifying as a student who was hazed”
From The Influence of Fraternity and Sorority Involvement: A Critical Analysis of Research (1996–2013) (2014) · cites this paper as Campo et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“A potential significant limitation in the research was discrete classification; it was not clear whether students were classified by one status or if there was intersection (e.g., fraternity and athlete).”
From The Influence of Fraternity and Sorority Involvement: A Critical Analysis of Research (1996–2013) (2014) · cites this paper as Campo et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“In general, there was a disconnect between formal definitions of hazing activities and what students viewed as hazing versus harmless initiation rites or team-building activities (e.g., Campo et al., 2005).”
From The Influence of Fraternity and Sorority Involvement: A Critical Analysis of Research (1996–2013) (2014) · cites this paper as Campo et al., 2005
Citations
Cites
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Toward an experimental ecology of human development.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.32.7.513 · Cited by 10,853
Mail and internet surveys : the tailored design method
Dillman, D. A. (2007) · Cited by 9,587
The Ecology of Human Development
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1981) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv26071r6 · Cited by 8,168
Putting the fear back into fear appeals: the extended parallel process model
Witte, K. (1992) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637759209376276 · Cited by 3,880
Bronfenbrenner, U. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-046 · Cited by 3,197
Fear control and danger control: A test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM)
Witte, K. (1994) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637759409376328 · Cited by 1,528
Wechsler, H., Lee, J. E., Mohler‐Kuo, M., & Lee, H. (2000) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448480009599305 · Cited by 1,177
Development of a Standard E-Mail Methodology: Results of an Experiment
Schaefer, D. R., & Dillman, D. A. (1998) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/297851 · Cited by 829
Web Survey Design and Administration
Couper, M. P., Traugott, M. W., & Lamias, M. J. (2001) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/322199 · Cited by 785
Fishbein, M., Jamieson, K. H., Zimmer, E., von Haeften, I., & Nabi, R. L. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.2.238 · Cited by 274
The Role of Psychological Reactance in Drinking Following Alcohol Prevention Messages 1
Bensley, L. S., & Wu, R. (1991) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00461.x · Cited by 175
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS IN WOMEN'S RESPONSES TO BATTERING
Rose, L. E. (2000) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/073993300245384 · Cited by 172
Cycles of Pain: Risk Factors in the Lives of Incarcerated Mothers and Their Children
Greene, S., Haney, C. W., & Hurtado, A. (2000) · The Prison Journal · doi:10.1177/0032885500080001001 · Cited by 168
Environmental policies to reduce college drinking: options and research findings.
Toomey, T. L., & Wagenaar, A. C. (2002) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement · doi:10.15288/jsas.2002.s14.193 · Cited by 138
Campo, S., Brossard, D., Frazer, M., Marchell, T. C., Lewis, D. K., & Talbot, J. (2003) · Health Communication · doi:10.1207/s15327027hc1504_06 · Cited by 122
Self-citationWrongs of Passage: Fraternities, Sororities, Hazing, and Binge Drinking
Nuwer, H. (2002) · Cited by 115
Community prevention of alcohol problems
Holder, H. D. (2000) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(00)00121-0 · Cited by 114
Adams, G. R. (1998) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1023/a:1024663113268 · Cited by 113
Rites of Passage and Group Bonding in he Canadian Airborne
Winslow, D. J. (1999) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x9902500305 · Cited by 106
Hingson, R. W., & Howland, J. (2002) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement · doi:10.15288/jsas.2002.s14.226 · Cited by 91
Witte, K. (1998) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/108107398127157 · Cited by 91
Traumatic injuries caused by hazing practices
Finkel, M. A. (2002) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1053/ajem.2002.32649 · Cited by 86
Bloom, M. (1996) · Cited by 84
Reactance Theory: A Test with Collegiate Drinking
Engs, R. C., & HANSON, D. J. (1989) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1083 · Cited by 70
Exploring the Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Sexual Perpetration
Romano, E., & Luca, R. V. D. (1997) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1023/a:1021950017920 · Cited by 66
Preventing Violence on College Campuses
Roark, M. L. (1987) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1987.tb00732.x · Cited by 55
A Personality-Based Model of Adolescent Violence
Sutherland, I. (2002) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/42.2.433 · Cited by 45
The Health Belief Model: Evaluation of a Diabetes Scale
Hurley, A. C. (1990) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572179001600111 · Cited by 44
Prevention Efforts Underlying Decreases in Binge Drinking at Institutions of Higher Education
Ziemelis, A., Bucknam, R. B., & Elfessi, A. M. (2002) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448480209595715 · Cited by 43
Broken Pledges: The Deadly Rite of Hazing
Nuwer, H. (1990) · Cited by 41
(1999) · Digital Collections - Ithaca College Library (Ithaca College) · Cited by 41
Hollmann, B. B. (2002) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.57 · Cited by 39
Gebhardt, T., Kaphingst, K. A., & DeJong, W. (2000) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448480009599306 · Cited by 34
Lodewijkx, H. F. M., & Syroit, J. (2001) · Current research in social psychology · Cited by 25
(2001) · College student journal · Cited by 23
Contemporary fraternity and sorority issues
Bryan, W. A. (1987) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.37119874005 · Cited by 21
Giesbrecht, N., & Rankin, J. M. (2000) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826080009147685 · Cited by 17
(2000) · The Western journal of black studies · Cited by 16
Fraternity Hazing Revisited: Current Alumni and Active Member Attitudes Toward Hazing.
Baier, J. L., & Williams, P. (1983) · Journal of College Student Personnel · Cited by 15
Boglioli, L. R., & Taff, M. L. (1995) · American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000433-199503000-00008 · Cited by 6
Notes on Initiation and Hazing Practices†
Ramzy, I., & Bryant, K. (1962) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1962.11023328 · Cited by 5
Fraternity Hazing Revisited Through a Drawing by George Bellows
Taff, M. L. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500160083037 · Cited by 2
Testing Your Mettle: Tough Problems and Real-World Solutions for Middle and High School Teachers
Alexandrowicz, H. J. (2001) · Cited by 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mountjoy, M. L., Brackenridge, C. H., Arrington, M., Blauwet, C. A., Carska-Sheppard, A., Fasting, K., Kirby, S., Leahy, T., Marks, S., Martin, K., et al. (2016) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096121 · Cited by 558
Waldron, J. J., & Kowalski, C. L. (2009) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2009.10599564 · Cited by 136
The nature and extent of college student hazing
Allan, E. J., & Madden, M. (2011) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh.2012.012 · Cited by 110
Mental Health in the Young Athlete
Xanthopoulos, M. S., Benton, T. D., Lewis, J., Case, J. A. C., & Master, C. L. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01185-w · Cited by 118
Stirling, A. E., Bridges, E. J., Cruz, E. L., & Mountjoy, M. L. (2011) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e31820f9248 · Cited by 89
Metadata
- Authors
- Campo, S., Poulos, G., & Sipple, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Health Behavior
- Publisher
- JCFCorp SG PTE LTD
- Published
- 2005-03-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-149
- ISSN
- 1087-3244 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7359
- OpenAlex
- W2022700335
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Health Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Collegiate Athletic Association
- Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- hazing, university students, team building, initiation rites, fraternities and sororities, varsity athletes, student leaders, gender differences, intervention strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Attitude, Cooperative Behavior, Dangerous Behavior, Decision Making, Group Processes, Humans, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling Studies, Social Behavior, Sports, Students, Universities, Violence, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review