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Cited by 2Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesHip disorders and treatmentsErgonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Hip Flexion Angles During Supine Range of Motion and Bodyweight Squats

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Angeli J Mata, Hidetaka Hayashi, Phillip A Moreno, Robert I. Dudley, Eric A. Sorenson·2021·International Journal of Exercise Science
DOI 10.70252/lmeg8374PMC PMC8439674
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Abstract

During the lowering phase of a squat, it has been observed that a posterior pelvic tilt (PPT) may occur when squatting to full depth. Research suggests that defaulting to compensatory movement strategies, such as PPT, during the squat may correlate with risk of lower extremity and trunk pathology. The purpose of this study was to examine hip flexion (HF) angles at the point when PPT occurs among three conditions: standard squats, heel raise squats, and supine passive HF; analyzing the differences in depth between standard and heel raise squats; and calculating differences in knee angles and ankle excursion between standard and heel raise squats. 28 participants performed bodyweight squats and underwent supine passive HF while outfitted with 32 retroreflective motion capture markers. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were extracted at the point of PPT. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in hip joint angles between conditions, and a paired sample t-test was used to compare knee angles, ankle excursion, and squat depth between standard and heel raise squats. HF angles at PPT remained unchanged across all conditions. However, significantly greater knee flexion, ankle excursion, and squat depth were observed in the heel raise squats compared to the standard squats. Results suggest that PPT is a compensatory movement that occurs as the femur compresses into the acetabulum once hip flexion has been exhausted.

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Crossref · 10.70252/lmeg8374

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16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The knee flexion moment tends to steadily increase from an upright position to maximum knee flexion during squatting.

    “Generally speaking, the knee flexion moment tends to steadily increase from an upright position to maximum knee flexion during squatting.30–32”

    From A Biomechanical Review of the Squat Exercise: Implications for Clinical Practice. (2024) · cites this paper as [30]

  • Deeper squats increase quadriceps demands (moments).

    “Secondary considerations for the introduction of more knee bias squatting include the use of deeper squats to increase quadriceps demands (moments)30,32 and narrow/medium stance widths.”

    From A Biomechanical Review of the Squat Exercise: Implications for Clinical Practice. (2024) · cites this paper as [30]

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Related

Authors
Mata, A. J., Hayashi, H., Moreno, P. A., Dudley, R. I., & Sorenson, E. A.
Affiliations
Azusa Pacific University (US)
ORCID
Robert I. Dudley
Venue
International Journal of Exercise Science
Publisher
Kinesiology Scholarly Trends, Abstracts, and Research
Published
2021
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
912-918
ISSN
1939-795X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.70252/lmeg8374
PMC
PMC8439674
OpenAlex
W3180139480
Cited by
2
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 1
FWCI
0.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nd
Locations
  • International journal of exercise science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hip disorders and treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Keywords
hip flexion angle, posterior pelvic tilt, squat depth, knee flexion, compensatory movement strategies, lower extremity injury risk

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