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Cited by 0Amazonian Archaeology and EthnohistoryArchaeology and ancient environmental studiesArchaeology and Natural History

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Agriculture précolombienne dans le pacifique Colombo-équatorien

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Ariza Pareja, Manuel Alejandro·2026·theses.fr (ABES)
DOI 10.70675/858d242dz87b5z4412z9b21z64dec129e4db
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Abstract

Ce travail de recherche porte sur les champs surélevés précolombiens de la côte pacifique équatoriale, à cheval entre la Colombie et l’Équateur. Dans cette région, riche en vestiges archéologiques, les différents travaux ont mis en évidence depuis les années 1950 une succession de cultures archéologiques qui s’étalent de 1500 av. J.C. jusqu’au XVe siècle. Toutefois, les données provenant des deux pays peinent à être unifiées et les études se cantonnent bien souvent à une vision locale. Des champs surélevés sont découverts à partir des années 1980-1990 à la Laguna de la Ciudad en Équateur et dans le canton de Tumaco en Colombie. Depuis leur découverte, ils n’ont jamais été étudiés de façon exhaustive et comme un ensemble. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif principal de cette thèse est de déterminer, depuis une vision macro-régionale, le rôle que les champs surélevés du Pacifique équatorial ont pu avoir dans les mutations culturelles et l’évolution agricole à la période précolombienne. Une large étude des photographies aériennes et des images satellites offre ici la première carte de distribution des champs surélevés du Pacifique équatorial avec 6513 champs surélevés et 6188 canaux répertoriés. L’analyse spatiale et morphologique des structures à travers le SIG permet de percevoir deux concentrations, l’une à Tumaco et l’autre a la Laguna de la Ciudad, peut-être unies à la période précolombienne, et des différences morphologiques, de taille, d’organisation et d’orientation probablement liées à des facteurs environnementaux. Une étude de cas d’un complexe à Tumaco, avec datation directe et analyse de phytolithes, confirme les données de l’analyse spatiale et permet d’avancer que les structures des deux concentrations pourraient avoir été construites et utilisées aux mêmes périodes, soit entre 500 av. J.-C et 350 ap. J.-C. et entre 700 et 1500 ap. J.-C.. Avec ces analyses et un travail de recherche bibliographique approfondi sur les champs surélevés sud-américains et de l’archéologie régionale, nous proposons différentes causes pour la construction et abandon des champs surélevés aux deux périodes. Nous proposons également une nouvelle périodisation régionale qui permet de concevoir le littoral pacifique équatorial comme une région archéologique.

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Authors
Ariza Pareja, M. A.
Affiliations
Paris 1
Venue
theses.fr (ABES)
Publisher
Agence Bibliographique de l'Enseignement Supérieur
Published
2023-11-23
DOI
10.70675/858d242dz87b5z4412z9b21z64dec129e4db
OpenAlex
W7151777959
Semantic Scholar
4439966cd79e9edeff181268096c65a67205c50d
Cited by
0
References
265
Type
dissertation
Language
fr
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • theses.fr (ABES) (publishedVersion)
  • theses.fr (ABES) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
  • Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Archaeology and Natural History
Keywords
raised-field agriculture, equatorial Pacific, Tumaco, agricultural evolution, phytolith analysis, radiocarbon dating, cultural change, landscape archaeology, aerial and satellite imagery, GIS analysis, Colombian-Ecuadorian border

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