CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 0Amazonian Archaeology and EthnohistoryArchaeology and ancient environmental studiesArchaeology and Natural History

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 269 of the 269 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Agriculture précolombienne dans le pacifique Colombo-équatorien

Open access
Ariza Pareja, Manuel Alejandro·2026·theses.fr (ABES)
DOI 10.70675/858d242dz87b5z4412z9b21z64dec129e4db
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Ce travail de recherche porte sur les champs surélevés précolombiens de la côte pacifique équatoriale, à cheval entre la Colombie et l’Équateur. Dans cette région, riche en vestiges archéologiques, les différents travaux ont mis en évidence depuis les années 1950 une succession de cultures archéologiques qui s’étalent de 1500 av. J.C. jusqu’au XVe siècle. Toutefois, les données provenant des deux pays peinent à être unifiées et les études se cantonnent bien souvent à une vision locale. Des champs surélevés sont découverts à partir des années 1980-1990 à la Laguna de la Ciudad en Équateur et dans le canton de Tumaco en Colombie. Depuis leur découverte, ils n’ont jamais été étudiés de façon exhaustive et comme un ensemble. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif principal de cette thèse est de déterminer, depuis une vision macro-régionale, le rôle que les champs surélevés du Pacifique équatorial ont pu avoir dans les mutations culturelles et l’évolution agricole à la période précolombienne. Une large étude des photographies aériennes et des images satellites offre ici la première carte de distribution des champs surélevés du Pacifique équatorial avec 6513 champs surélevés et 6188 canaux répertoriés. L’analyse spatiale et morphologique des structures à travers le SIG permet de percevoir deux concentrations, l’une à Tumaco et l’autre a la Laguna de la Ciudad, peut-être unies à la période précolombienne, et des différences morphologiques, de taille, d’organisation et d’orientation probablement liées à des facteurs environnementaux. Une étude de cas d’un complexe à Tumaco, avec datation directe et analyse de phytolithes, confirme les données de l’analyse spatiale et permet d’avancer que les structures des deux concentrations pourraient avoir été construites et utilisées aux mêmes périodes, soit entre 500 av. J.-C et 350 ap. J.-C. et entre 700 et 1500 ap. J.-C.. Avec ces analyses et un travail de recherche bibliographique approfondi sur les champs surélevés sud-américains et de l’archéologie régionale, nous proposons différentes causes pour la construction et abandon des champs surélevés aux deux périodes. Nous proposons également une nouvelle périodisation régionale qui permet de concevoir le littoral pacifique équatorial comme une région archéologique.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.70675/858d242dz87b5z4412z9b21z64dec129e4db

Cites

269 of 269 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 192

  1. vol. 35, n° 3, p. 409-431, 10.4000/bifea.3948 · DOI
  2. coll. BAR international series, 189, p. 201-220, B.A.R., Oxford, England, 1982
  3. in: Boletín de Arqueología FIAN, vol. 6, n° 2, p. 25-55, 1991
  4. vol. 336, n° 1-2, p. 3-14, 2010, 10.1007/s11104-010-0329-y · DOI
  5. PRÜMERS Heiko, BETANCOURT Carla, 100 años de investigación arqueológica en los llanos de Mojos, in: Arqueoantropológicas, vol. 4, n° 4, p. 11-55, 2014
  6. RODRÍGUEZ Carlos, Armando Carlos, 50 años de investigación arqueológica en el Valle del Cauca, in: Boletín del Museo del Oro, vol. 16, p. 17-30, 1986
  7. LAEYENDECKER-ROOSENBURG D. M., A palynological investigation of some archaeologically interesting sections in northwestern Surinam, in: Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, vol. 38, p. 31-36, 1966
  8. GARAYCOCHEA Ignacio, Agricultural Experiments in Raised Fields in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru: Preliminary Considerations, in: Pre Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region, p. 385-398, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  9. BAQUERO Álvaro, Algunos comentarios socieconómicos sobre los habitantes de los humedales de los ríos San Jorge y Sinú., in: Boletín Museo del Oro, vol. 20, p. 96-111, 1988
  10. ZUCCHI Alberta, Alternative Interpretations of Pre-Columbian Water Management in the Western Llanos of Venezuela, in: Indiana, vol. 9, p. 309-327, 1984
  11. DOUGHERTY Bernard, CALANDRA Horacio, Ambiente y arqueología en el oriente boliviano: La provincia Itenez del departamento Beni, in: Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, vol. 16, p. 37-61, 1984
  12. MONSALVE José Gregorio, Analysis of a Pollen Core from the Hacienda Lusitania, Valley of El Dorado, in: ProCalima, vol. 5, p. 40-44, 1985
  13. KNAPP Gregory W., Andean Ecology: Adaptive Dynamics in Ecuador, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1991, 9780813381893
  14. DE LA TORRE C., BURGA M., DE LA TORRE C. (ed.), BURGA M. (ed.), Andenes y camellones en el Perú andino, 1986
  15. PARSONS James.Jerome, Antioqueño Colonization in Western Colombia., University of California Press, Berkeley, 1949
  16. ERICKSON Clark, Applications of Prehistoric Andean Technology: Experiments in Raised Field Agriculture, Huatta. Lake Titicaca: 1981-2, in: Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, FARRINGTON I.S. (ed.), coll. BAR international series, 232, p. 209-232, B.A.R., Oxford, England, 1985
  17. ERICKSON Clark.L., Applied Archaeology and Rural Development, Archaeology's Potential Contribution to the Future, in: Crossing Currents, Continuity and Change in Latin America, p. 34-45, Prentice Hall., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998
  18. VILLALBA Francisco. Fabián, Aprovechamiento de campos anegables para la agricultura en la época prehispánica. El caso Cayambe, in: Actividad volcánica y pueblos precolombinos en el Ecuador, MOTHES Patricia (ed.), p. 191-202, Abya-Yala, Quito, 1998
  19. LEE Kenneth, Apuntes sobre las obras hidraulicas prehispánicas de las llanuras de Moxos, in: Paititi, vol. 11, n° 1, p. 24-26, 1998
  20. SPENCER Charles S., REDMOND Elsa M., KVIETOK Peter, SANDWEISS Daniel H., Archaeological Investigations in the Andean Piedmont and High Llanos of Western Venezuela: A Preliminary Report, in: Recent Studies in the Andean Prehistory and Protohistory: Papers from the Second Annual Northeast Conference on Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory, p. 187-157, Cornell Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca, 1985
  21. ZEIDLER James A., Archaeological Testing in the Middle Jama Valley, dans, in: Regional Archaeology in Northern Manabí, Ecuador, ZEIDLER James A., PEARSALL Deborah (ed.), p. 71-98, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh/Quito, 1994
  22. RAYMOND J., Scott J., BURGER Richard., L. Richard, Archaeology of Formative Ecuador: a symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, 7 and 8 October 1995, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C, 2003
  23. ROSTAIN Stéphen, Archéologie de l'ouest guyanais: le site de Sable Blanc., in: Amaz'hommes. Sciences de l'homme et sciences de la Nature en Amazonie, BARONE-VISIGALLI E. (ed.), ROOSVELT A. (ed.), p. 59-81, Ibis rouge, Matoury, 2010
  24. BUYS Jozef, MUSE Micheal, Arqueología de asentamientos asociados a los campos elevados de Peñón del río, Guayas, Ecuador, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 198, DENEVAN William (ed.), p. 225-248, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  25. HERNÁNDEZ SÁNCHEZ Martha, Arqueología del Alto Saija, costa pacífica caucana, in: Boletín de Arqueología FIAN, vol. 1, p. 3-40, 1998
  26. PATIÑO Diógenes, Arqueología y metalurgia en la Costa Pacífica de Colombia y Ecuador, in: Boletín del Museo del Oro, vol. 43, p. 49-67, 1997
  27. SALGADO Hector, Asentamientos precerámicos en el alto y medio río Calima, Cordillera Occidental de Colombia, in: Cespedesia, vol. 16-17, n° 57-58, p. 139-162, 1988
  28. KNAPP Gregory, RYDER Roy, Aspects of the Origin, Morphology and Function of Ridge Fields in the Quito Altiplano., in: Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America: Proceedings, 44 International Congress of Americanists, Manchester, 1983
  29. GRAFFAM Gray, Back Across the Great Divide: The Pakaq Señorío and Raised Field Agriculture., in: Discussions in Anthropology., vol. 8, p. 33-50, 1989
  30. VÁZQUEZ Miguel. A, FREILE Juan. Francisco, SUÁREZ Luis, SUÁREZ Luis (ed.), Biodiversidad en el suroccidente de la provincia de Esmeraldas: Un reporte de las evaluaciones ecológicas y socioeconómicas rápidas, EcoCiencia, Quito, Ecuador, 2005
  31. MACBRYDE Bruce, Biodiversidad, Conservación y Manejo en la Región de la Reserva de la Biosfera Estación Biológica del Beni, Bolivia / Biodiversity, Conservation and Management in the Region of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, 2000, https://www.academia.edu/31710850/Biodiversidad_Conservaci%C3%B3n_y_Manejo_en_la_Regi%C3%B3n_de_la_Reserva_de_la_Biosfera_Estaci%C3%B3n_Biol%C3%B3gica_del_Beni_Bolivia_Biodiversity_Conservation_and_Management_in_the_Region_of_the_Beni_Biological_Station_Biosphere_Reserve_Bolivia
  32. FUENTES Franklin, LEYTON David, LÓPEZ Telmo, VÉLIZ Javier, ROSTAIN Stéphen, Caballones vs camellones, in: Antes de Orellana. Actas del 3er Encuentro Internacional de Arqueología Amazónica, ROSTAIN Stéphen (ed.), p. 215-219, IFEA, Quito, 2014
  33. PLAZAS Clemencia, FALCHETTI Ana Maria, BOTERO Pedro, VAN DER HAMMEN Thomas, Cambios ambientales y desarrollo cultural en el bajo río San Jorge, in: Boletín del Museo del Oro, vol. 20, p. 54-88, 1988
  34. ZUCCHI Alberta, DENEVAN William, Campos agrícolas prehispánicos en los Llanos de Barinas, Venezuela, in: Indiana, vol. 2, p. 209-226, 1974
  35. MARCOS Jorge, ÁLVAREZ Silvia, Campos de camellones y jagüeyes en Ecuador: una visión integral desde la arqueología al presente socioambiental, in: Intersecciones en Antropología, vol. 17, n° 1, p. 19-34, 2016
  36. ZUCCHI Alberta, Campos de cultivo prehispánicos vs modulos de Apure, in: Boletín Indigenista Venezolano, vol. 16, n° 12, p. 37-52, 1975
  37. MARTÍNEZ Valentina, Campos elevados al norte del sitio arqueológico Peñón del Río, Guayas, Ecuador, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region, p. 267-277, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  38. DEBOER Warren R., BLITZ John, Ceremonial Centers of the Chachi., in: Expedition, vol. 33, n° 1, p. 53-62, 1991
  39. GASSÓN Rafael, Ceremonial Feasting in the Colombian and Venezuelan Llanos. Some Remarks on its Sociopolitical and Historical Significance, in: Histories and Historcities in Amazonia, p. 179-201, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 2003
  40. SAYRE Matthew, Chronicling Indigenous Accounts of the Rise of Agriculture in the Americas., in: Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives, p. 231-240, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, 2007
  41. GUILLAUME-GENTIL Nicolas, Cinco mil años de historia al pie de los volcanes: implantación, población y cronología en Ecuador, coll. Travaux de 'Institut Français d'Études Andines, vol. 313, FLACSO Ecuador / Abya-Yala / Universidad Politénica Salesiana / IFEA, Quito, Lima, 2013
  42. SCHMIDT Max, Comments on Cultivatted Plants and Agricultural Methods of South Amercian Indians, in: Native South Americans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent, LYON Patricia (ed.), p. 60-68, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Oregon, 2004
  43. GUDIÑO Alejandra, CORREAL Gonzalo, HERRERA Sergio, GLASCOCK Micheal D., Composition Analysis of an Obsidian Artifact from Pubenza Colombia, in: International Association of Obsidian Studies Bulletin, n° 26, p. 6-8, 2001
  44. BURGER Richard.L, Conclusions: Cultures of the Ecuadorian Formative in Their Andean Context, in: Archaeology of Formative Ecuador, RAYMOND J.Scott, BURGER Richard.L (ed.), p. 465-496, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C, 2003
  45. KNAPP Gregory, Cultural and Historical Geography of the Andes., in: Yearbook. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers., vol. 17/18, p. 165-175, 1991
  46. dacítico joven en una laguna cratérica, in: Revista Politécnica, vol. 30, n° 1, p. 23-47, 2009
  47. LOSONCZY ANNE-MARIE, De lo vegetal a lo humano: Un modelo cognitivo Afro-colombiano del Pacífico, in: Revista Colombiana de Antropología, vol. 30, p. 38-57, 1993
  48. RESTREPO ÁNGEL Juan Darío, Deltas de Colombia: morfodinámica y vulnerabilidad ante el cambio global., Fondo Editorial de la Universidad EAFIT, Colombia, 2008, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juan_Restrepo3/publication/232084440_DELTAS_OF_COLOMBIABook_in_Spanish_versionISBN_978-958-720-020-1EAFIT_University_Press/links/09e415075c471ea267000000.pdf
  49. CABELLO BALBOA Miguel, Descripción de la Provincia de Esmeraldas., Editorial CSIC-CSIC Press, 2001
  50. ROJAS Sneider, Descripción de los macrorrestos botánicos de sitios arqueológicos de la cuenca del río Dagua poliducto línea litoral del Pacífico., in: Boletín de Arqueología FIAN, vol. 10, n° 1, p. 66-79, 1995
  51. SMITH Richard, T., Drained Field Agriculture and Soil Fertility, in: Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America: Proceedings, 44 International Congress of Americanists, Manchester, England 1982, p. 251-263, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1983
  52. MONTAÑO Mariano, SANFELIU Teófilo, Ecosistema Guayas (Ecuador), Medio ambiente y Sostenibilidad, in: Revista Tecnológica ESPOL, vol. 21, n° 1, p. 1-6, 2008
  53. POURRUT P., POURRUT P. (ed.), El agua en el Ecuador: clima, precipitaciones, escorrentía., coll. Estudios de geografía, vol. 7, ORSTOM / Colegio de Geógrafos del Ecuador / Corporación Editora Nacional, Quito, 1995
  54. ALCINA FRANCH José, El complejo «santuario-mercado-festival» y el origen de los centros ceremoniales en el Área Andina Septentrional, in: Revista de Indias, 1999 · DOI
  55. GUDEMOS Mónica, CATALANO Julio, El cuerpo del sonido: flautas antropomorfas de tradición Bahía, in: Revista Española de Antropología Americana, vol. 39, n° 1, p. 195-218, 2009
  56. GUINEA Mercedes, El Formativo de la región sur de Esmeraldas (Ecuador). Visto desde el Yacimiento del Chévele, in: Miscelánea Antropológica Ecuatoriana, vol. 6, p. 19-60, 1986
  57. KNAPP Gregory, El nicho ecológico llanura húmeda, en la economía prehistórica de los Andes de altura. Evidencia etnohistórica, geográfica y arqueológica., in: Revista del Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología., vol. 7, n° 9, p. 83-96, 1981
  58. HAMPE MARTÍNEZ Teodoro, El reparto de metales, joyas e indios de Coaque: un episodio fundamental en la expedición de conquista del Perú, in: Quinto centenario, vol. 15, 1898
  59. SAAVEDRA Oscar, El sistema agrícola prehispánico de camellones en la amazonía boliviana, in: Agricultura ancestral camellones y albarradas. Contexto social, usos y retos del pasado, VALDEZ Francisco (ed.), p. 295-311, Abya-Yala, Quito, 2006
  60. RYDER Roy, El valor de la fotografia aérea en los estudios históricos y arqueológicos del Ecuador, in: Revista Geográfica del IGM, vol. 6, p. 40-42, 1970
  61. MATHEWSON Kent, Estimating Labor inputs for the Guayas Raised Fields: Initial Considerations, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985, p. 321-336, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  62. ARANGO Oscar, HURTADO Andrés, CASTILLON Patricia, SANTACRUZ Monica, Estudio de las condiciones de extracción por arrastre con vapor del aceite esencial de laurel, in: Facultad de ciencias agropecuarias, vol. 7, n° 2, p. 9, 2009
  63. GONDARD Pierre, Estudio del uso del suelo y paisajes vegetales de los Andes ecuatorianos., in: Revista Geográfica., vol. 10, n° N°, p. 89-99, 1985
  64. ROMERO-PICÓN Yuri, Estudio paleoetnobotanico en la costa pacífica vallecaucana, in: Caldasia, vol. 18, n° 2, p. 155-163, 1996
  65. PEARSALL Deborah, Evidence for Prehistoric Maize Cultivation on Raised Fields at Peñón del Río, Guayas, Ecuador, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985, p. 279-295, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  66. VALDEZ Francisco, GRATUZE BERNARD, YÉPEZ ALEXANDRA, HURTADO JULIO, Evidencia temprana de metalurgia en la Costa Pacífica ecuatorial., in: Boletín Museo del Oro, vol. 53, p. 1-9, 2005
  67. HERRERA Luisa, SARMIENTO Gustavo, ROMERO Fredy, BOTERO Pedro, BERRÍO Juan, Evolución Ambiental de la Depresión Momposina (Colombia) desde el Pleistoceno Tardío a los Paisajes Actuales, in: Geología Colombiana, vol. 26, p. 95-121, 2001
  68. MUSE Micheal, QUINTERO Fausto, Experimentos de reactivación de campos elevados, Peñón del Río, Guayas, Ecuador, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region, p. 249-266, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  69. ALCINA FRANCH José, RIVERA Miguel, Exploración arqueológica en la costa de Esmeraldas, Ecuador, in: Revista Española de Antropología Americana, vol. 6, p. 125-154, 1971
  70. PRANCE Ghillean, T., Forest-Refuges-evidence-from-woody-angiosperms.pdf, in: Biological diversification in the tropics, PRANCE Ghillean (ed.), p. 137-156, Columbia University Press, New York, 1982, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gt-Prance/publication/246214802_Forest_Refuges_evidence_from_woody_angiosperms/links/56facdd308ae3c0f264c046e/Forest-Refuges-evidence-from-woody-angiosperms.pdf
  71. ZEIDLER James A, Formative Period Chronology for the Coast and Western Lowlands of Ecuador, in: Archaeology, RAYMOND J Scott (ed.), BURGER Richard L (ed.), 2003
  72. DENEVAN William, TURNER II Billie Lee, Forms, Functions and Associations of Raised Fields in the Old World Tropics, in: Journal of Tropical Geography, vol. 39, p. 24-33, 1974
  73. CHASE A. F., CHASE D. Z., FISHER C. T., LEISZ S. J., WEISHAMPEL J. F., Geospatial revolution and remote sensing LiDAR in Mesoamerican archaeology., 2012 · DOI
  74. WALKER John H, Hidden earthworks in the forests of the bolivian amazon, in: Expedition Magazine, vol. 54, n° 2, p. 27-36, 2012
  75. LOBO-GUERRERO Alberto, Hidrologia hidrogeologia de la región Pacifica Colombiana, in: Colombia-Pacifico, LEYVA P (ed.), p. 122-134, FEN, Bogotá, 1993
  76. BALÉE William, Historical Ecology: Premises and Postulates., in: Advances in Historical Ecology, p. 13-27, Columbia University Press, New york, 1998
  77. BRADSHAW Gay A., MARQUET Pablo A., How Landscapes Change: Human Disturbance and Ecosystem Fragmentation in the Americas, Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2003, 9783662052389
  78. ZENT Stanford, independent yet interdependent "Isolde: The Historical Ecology of traditional Piaroa Settlement Pattern, in: Advances in historical ecology, BALÉE William L. (éd.), coll. The historical ecology series, p. 251-286, Columbia University Press, New York, 1998, 9780231106320
  79. DENEVAN William, Informe preliminar sobre la geografia de los Llanos de Mojos, nordeste de Bolivia, in: Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica e Histórica Sucre, vol. 48, n° 446, p. 91-113, 1962
  80. SWARTLEY Lynn, Inventing Indigenous Knowledge: Archaeology, Rural Development, and the Raised Field Rehabilitation Project in Bolivia., Routledge, New York, 2002
  81. REICHEL-DOLMATOFF Gerardo, REICHEL-DOLMATOFF Alicia, Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Departamento del Magdalena 1946-1950, Parte III, Arqueología del bajo Magdalena, in: Divulgaciones Etnológicas, vol. 3, n° 4, p. 1-123, 1953
  82. PLAZAS Clemencia, FALCHETTI Ana María, SAÉNZ Juanita, Investigaciones arqueológicas en el río San Jorge, in: Boletín del Museo del Oro, vol. 6, p. 1-18, 1979
  83. BOUCHARD Jean-Francois, Investigaciones arqueológicas en la costa pacífica meridional de Colombia: El proyecto Tumaco, in: Revista Colombiana de Antropología, vol. 21, p. 283-314, 1978
  84. PATIÑO Diógenes, Investigaciones arqueológicas en la región de Tumaco, in: Boletín de Arqueología de la Fian, vol. 8, n° 3, 1993
  85. SPENCER Charles, S., Investigating the Development of Venezuelan Chiefdoms, in: Chiefdoms and Chieftancy in the Americas, REDMOND E., M. (ed.), p. 104-137, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 1998
  86. CASAS DUPUY Pablo, Isla Gorgona: un asentamiento precolombino en el océano Pacífico Colombiano., in: Boletín de Arqueología de la Fian., vol. 3, n° 3, p. 44-55, 1988
  87. WALKER John H., Island, River and Field: a Historical Ecology of the Bolivian Amazon, in: Antes de Orellana. Actes del 3er Encuentro Internacional de Arqueología Amazónica, ROSTAIN Stéphen (ed.), p. 273-280, IFEA, Quito, 2014
  88. WALKER John H., Island, River, and Field: Landscape Archaeology in the Llanos de Mojos., University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 2018, 9780826359476
  89. ROSTAIN Stéphen, Islands in the Rainforest: Landscape Management in Pre-Columbian Amazonia., Left Coast Press., Walnut Creek, California, 2013
  90. SPENSER DANIELA, MELVILLE ROBERTO, Karl Kaerger, Agricultura y colonización en México en 1900, in: Historia Mexicana, vol. 36, n° 3, p. 579-581, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo y Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, México, 1987
  91. FRITZ Gayle. J, Keepers of Louisiana's Levees: Early Mound Builders and Forest Managers, in: Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives, p. 189-209, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, 2007
  92. ROSTAIN Stéphen, L'archéologie des champs surélevés, in: Archéologie de l'Amazonie. Les Premiers habitants de la Guyane côtière, ROSTAIN Stéphen (editeur), coll. Monographs in American Archaeology., p. 101-126, Archaeopress, Paris, 2015 · DOI
  93. ROSTAIN Stéphen, L'occupation amérindienne ancienne du littoral de la Guyane, Symposium international PICG, 1990
  94. PLAZAS Clemencia, FALCHETTI Ana Maria, La cultura del oro y del agua: Un proyecto de reconstrucción, in: Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico, vol. 23, n° 6, p. 57-72, 1986
  95. ARANGO Juanita, La deidad protectora de la agricultura, in: Boletín del Museo del Oro, vol. 83, p. 24, 2005
  96. ROSTAIN Stéphen, La mise en culture des marécages littoraux de Guyane à la période précolombienne récente, in: Milieux, sociétés et archéologues. 1, MARLIAC Alain (ed.), coll. Hommes et Sociétés, p. 119-158, Karthala/ORSTOM, Paris, 1995
  97. MARCOS Jorge, ÁLVAREZ PÉREZ Aurelio, SPINOLO Giorgio, La producción durante el Formativo Temprano: El desarrollo agrícola, artesanal y el intercambio de exóticos en Real Alto, in: Formativo Sudamericano, una revaluación: ponencias presentadas en el Simposio Internacional de Arqueología Sudamericana, Cuenca, Ecuador, 13-17 de enero de 1992: homenaje a Alberto Rex González y Betty J. Meggers. 3, p. 97-113, Abya-Yala, Quito, Ecuador, 2002 · DOI
  98. MCDADE Lucinda A., BAWA Kamaljit S., HESPENHEIDE Henry A., HARTSHORN Gary S., La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994, 9780226039527
  99. ZUCCHI Alberta, La tecnología aborigen y el aprovechamiento agrícola de nuestras sabanas, in: Líneas, vol. 219, p. 6-11, 1975
  100. LECHTMAN Heather, SOLDI Ana.María, SOLDI Ana.María (ed.), La Tecnología en el mundo andino : Runakunap kawsayninkupaq rurasqankunaqa, coll. Serie antropológica; Arqueología, 36-, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, México, 1981
  101. CIUDAD Andrés, Las cubiertas de incensario de La Propicia, Esmeraldas, Ecuador, in: Revista Española de Antropología Americana, vol. 11, p. 103-111, 1981
  102. LÉZY Emmanuel, Le bouclier des Guaynes, le plus vieux des Nouveaux Mondes, in: Archéologie de l'Amazonie: Les premiers habitants de la Guyane côtière, ROSTAIN Stéphen (ed.), coll. Paris Monogrpahs in American Archaeology, 44., p. 31-42, Archaeopress, Oxford, 2015
  103. ROSTAIN Stéphen, MCKEY Doyle, IRIARTE José, GLASER Bruno, RENARD Delphine, BIRK Jago, ROUX J., Les savanes du littoral, héritage d'une histoire oubliée, in: Guyane Océane, GUIRAL Daniel (ed.), LE GUEN Roger (ed.), p. 352-367, Editions Roger Le Guen/IRD, Paris, 2012
  104. MEJÍA Mario, Litoral pacífico colombiano y cuenca del Atrato: clima y uso de la tierra, in: Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía, vol. 3, n° 1, p. 61-203, 1991
  105. MARCOS Jorge G., Los campos elevados de la cuenca del Guayas, Ecuador: El proyecto Peñón del Río, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985, DENEVAN William (éd.), p. 217-224, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  106. HAUSER Gertrude, LITTLE Michael, ROBERTS Derek. F., Man, Culture and Biodiversity. Understanding Interdependencies., in: Biology International, ROBERTS Derek. F. (ed.), n° Special Issue 32, 1994
  107. PARSONS James.J, SHLEMON Roy, Mapping and Dating the Prehistoric Raised Fields of the Guayas Basin, Ecuador, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985, DENEVAN William (ed.), p. 207-216, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  108. ZEIDLER James A., Maritime Exchange in the Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: Geopolitical Origins of Uneven Development, in: Research in Economic Anthropology, vol. 13, p. 247-268, 1991
  109. ROWE John H, Max Uhle, 1856-1944. A Memoir of the Father of Peruvian Archaeology, in: Publications in American Archaeology, vol. 46, n° 1, p. 1-134, 1954
  110. FLANNERY Kent.V, Maya Subsistence: Studies in Memory of Dennis E. Puleston., Ed. Academic Press, New York, 1982
  111. TIHAY J.-P., USSELMANN Pierre, Medio ambiente y ocupación humana en el litoral pacífico colombo-ecuatoriano, in: Cultura y medio ambiente en el área andina septentrional, GUINEA M. (ed.), BOUCHARD J.-F. (ed.), MARCOS J. (ed.), p. 377-400, Abya-Yala, Quito, 1995
  112. SALGADO Hector, STEMPER David M., Metalurgia prehispánica y colonial-republicana en el Pacífico colombiano, in: Revista Colombiana de Antropología, vol. 30, p. 60-99, 1993
  113. ERICKSON Clark.L, Methodological Considerations in the Study of Ancient Andean Field Systems, in: The Archaeology of Garden and Field, MILLER Naomi, GLEASON Kathryn (éd.), p. 111-152, University of Pennsylvania Press., Philadelphia, 1994
  114. ACEITUNO Francisco Javier, URIARTE Antonio, Mobility and Human Dispersion during the Peopling of Northwest South America between the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene, in: People and Culture in Ice Age Americas: New Dimensions in Paleoamerican Archaeology, p. 67-92, University of Utah Press., Salt Lake City, 2019
  115. DILLEHAY Tom D., Monte Verde: Paleo-environment and site context., Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, 1989, 9780874743500
  116. PARSONS James.J, More on Pre-Columbian Raised Fields (Camellones) in the Bajo San Jorge and Bajo Cauca, Colombia, in: Conference of Latin American Geographers, vol. 7, p. 117-124, 1978
  117. MONROY Camilo, RESTREPO ÁNGEL Juan Darío, LÓPEZ Sergio, Morfodinámica del delta del río Mira, in: Deltas de Colombia: morfodinámica y vulnerabilidad ante el cambio global, RESTREPO ÁNGEL Juan Darío (ed.), p. 145-179, EAFIT University Press, Medellín, 2008
  118. DENEVAN William, MATHEWSON Kent, WHITTEN Richard, Mounding, Mucking, and Mangling: Recent Research on the Raised Fields in the Guayas Basin, Ecuador, in: Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1985
  119. ALCINA FRANCH José, ALONSO Alicia, BOUCHARD Jean Francois, GUINEA Mercedes, Navegación precolombina: el caso del litoral pacifico ecuatorial: evidencias e hipótesis, in: Revista Española de Antropología Americana, vol. 17, p. 35-73, 1987
  120. Neotropical Lowlands, p. 187-233, Columbia University Press, New York
  121. YERKES Richard W., KOLDEHOFF Brad H., New tools, new human niches: The significance of the Dalton adze and the origin of heavy-duty woodworking in the, 2018 · DOI
  122. RIVERA Miguel, Notas sobre economía prehispánica de Esmeraldas, Ecuador., in: Indiana, vol. 9, p. 329-340, 1984
  123. CARNEY Heath J., BINFORD Micheal, KOLATA Alan, Nutrient Fluxes and Retention in Andean Raised-Field Agriculture. Implications for Long-Term Sustainability., in: Tiwanaku and its hinterland : archaeology and paleoecology of an Andean civilization, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, 1996
  124. PATIÑO Diógenes, GNECCO Cristobal, Ocupación prehispánica del Alto Patía, in: Novedades colombianas, vol. 5, p. 72-90, 1992
  125. WITTFOGEL Karl August, Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power., Yale University Press, London, 1957, 9780835782562
  126. Paleoecologists., Altamira Press., Lanham
  127. DENHAM Tim, IRIARTE José, VRYDAGHS Luc, Paleoenvironmental Record: Theoretical and Methodological Issues, in: Rethinking Agriculture, Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives, DENHAM Tim (ed.), IRIARTE José (ed.), VRYDAGHS Luc (ed.), coll. One World Archaeology, p. 210-230, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California
  128. LENNON Thomas, Pattern Analysis of Pre-Hispanic Raised Fields of Lake Titicaca, Peru, in: Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America: Proceedings, 44 International Congress of Americanists, Manchester, England 1982, DARCH J.P. (ed.), p. 183-199, B.A.R., Manchester, 1983
  129. CAVELIER Inés, Perspectivas culturales y cambios en el paisaje. Sabana de Bogotá Colombia, Siglos XVI y XVII., in: Agricultura ancestral, camellones y albarradas. Contexto social, usos y retos del pasado y del presente, VALDEZ Francisco (ed.), p. 127-140, Abya-Yala., Quito, 2006
  130. GENTRY Alwyn H., Phytogeographique patterns as evidence for a Chocó refuge, in: Biological diversification in the tropics, PRANCE Ghillean T. (éd.), p. 113-136, Columbia University Press, New York, 1982
  131. PATIÑO Diógenes, Pobladores prehispánicos en el Cauca, Colombia, in: Informes Antropológicos, vol. 4, p. 35-52, 1990
  132. ACEITUNO Javier, GNECCO Cristobal, Poblamiento temprano y espacios antropogénicos en el norte de Suramérica, in: Complutum, vol. 15, p. 151-164, 2004
  133. PLAZAS Clemencia, FALCHETTI Ana Maria, Poblamiento y adecuación hidráulica en el bajo río San Jorge, Costa Atlántica, Colombia, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985, p. 483-503, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  134. HILL K, KAPLAN H, Population and dry-season subsistence strategies of the recently contacted Yora of Peru, in: National Geographic Research, vol. 5, n° 3, p. 317-334, 1989
  135. SPOONER Brian, SPOONER Brian (ed.), Population Growth: Anthropological Implications., MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1972
  136. DENEVAN William.M., MATHEWSON Kent, KNAPP Gregory, KNAPP Gregory (ed.), Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985., B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  137. STAB Sabina, ACRE Julio, Pre-hispanic Raised-Field Cultivation as an Alternative to Slash and Burn Agriculture in the BolivianAmazon: Agroecological evaluation of Field Experiments, in: Biodiversidad, conservación y manejo en la región de la Reserva de la Biósfera Estación Biológica del Beni, Bolivia, HERRERA-MACBRYDE O. (ed.), DALLMEIER F. (ed.), MACBRYDE B. (ed.), COMISKEY J. A. (ed.), MIRANDA C. (ed.), 2000
  138. DENEVAN William, Pre-Spanish Earthworks in the Llanos de Mojos of Northeastern Bolivia, in: Revista Geográfica, vol. 33, n° 60, p. 17-25, 1964
  139. BOOMERT A., Prehistoric habitation mounds in the Canje River area?, in: Journal of the Walter Roth Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. 1, n° 1, p. 44-51, 1978
  140. TURNER II Billie Lee, DENEVAN William, Prehistoric Manipulation of Wetlands in the Americas: A Raised Field Perspective, in: Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, p. 11-30, B.A.R. International., Oxford, England, 1985
  141. DENEVAN William, MATHEWSON Kent, Preliminary Results of the Samborondón Raised Field Project, Guayas Basin, Ecuador, in: Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America: Proceedings, 44 International Congress of Americanists, Manchester, England 1982, p. 167-181, B.A.R., Manchester, England, 1983
  142. ERICKSON Clark, Raised Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin. Putting Ancient Agriculture Back to Work, in: Expedition, vol. 30, n° 3, p. 8-16, 1988
  143. VERSTEEG Aad, Raised Field Complexes and Associated Settlements in the Coastal Plain of Western Surinam, in: Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America: Proceedings, 44 International Congress of Americanists, Manchester, England 1982, p. 237-251, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1983
  144. STEMPER David M., Raised Fields and Agricultural Production, AD 1400-1600, Río Daule, Guayas, Ecuador., in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985., p. 297-319, B.A.R. International., Oxford, England, 1987
  145. ZUCCHI Alberta, Recent Evidence for Pre-columbian Water Management Systems in the Western Llanos of Venezuela, in: Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1985
  146. URREGO GIRALDO Ligia Estela, DEL VALLE Jorge Ignacio, Reconstrucción de la Sucesión en un bosque de << guandal >> (Pacífico colombiano) durante el Holoceno reciente, in: Caldasia, vol. 24, n° 2, p. 425-443, 2002
  147. ZEIDLER James A., PEARSALL Deborah M., Regional Archaeology in Northern Manabí, Ecuador, Volume 1: Environment, cultural chronology, and prehistoric subsistence in the Jama River Valley., vol. 1, Center for Comparative Arch., Pittsburgh, 1994, 9781877812101
  148. WALKER John H., Regional Associations and Ceramic Assemblages in the 14th Century AD Mamoré Basin, in: Andean Past, vol. 10, n° Article 13, p. 241-261, 2012
  149. PEARSALL Deborah, ZEIDLER James A., Regional Environment, Cultural Chronology, and Prehistoric Subsistence in Northern Manabí, in: Regional Archaeology in Northern Manabi, Ecuador, Volume 1, PEARSALL Deborah (ed.), ZEIDLER James A. (ed.), p. 200-216, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 1994
  150. KOLATA Alan. L., RIVERA O, RAMIREZ J. C., GEMIO E, Rehabilitating Raised-Field Agriculture in the Southern Lake Titicaca Bassin of Bolivia, in: Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, vol. Vol1, p. 203-230, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, 1996
  151. GUEVARA Jorge Alarcón, Rescate arqueológico en el valle Alto del río Dagua, in: Boletín de Arqueología de la Fian, vol. 10, n° 1, p. 3-90, 1995
  152. ÁLVAREZ Silvia, Resiembra de camellones en la cuenca del Guayas, in: Gaceta Arqueológica Andina. Instituto de Estudios Andinos, vol. 13, p. 29-31, 1987
  153. DENHAM Timothy P., IRIARTE José, VRYDAGHS Luc, Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives., Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, 2007
  154. RODRÍGUEZ Carlos, Armando Carlos, PACHAJOA Harry, Salud y enfermedad en el arte prehispánico de la cultura Tumaco-La Tolita II., Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, 2010 · DOI
  155. RODRÍGUEZ Carlos, A Carlos, San Luis: Un asentamiento temprano de la cultura Sonso en la llanura aluvial del Pacífico, in: Boletín de Arqueología FIAN, vol. 3, n° 2, p. 41-55, 1988
  156. ERICKSON Clark, L, Sistemas agrícolas prehispánicos en los Llanos de Mojos, in: América Indígena, vol. 40, n° 4, p. 731-755, 1980
  157. SALGADO Hector, STEMPER David M., FLÓREZ Rolando, Sociedades complejas en el litoral Pacífico: fragmentos de historia reconsiderados desde La Bocana, in: Perspectivas regionales en la arqueología del Suroccidente de Colombia y Norte del Ecuador, GNECCO Cristobal (ed.), p. 130-163, Editorial Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, 1995
  158. PATIÑO Diógenes, Sociedades Tumaco- La Tolita: Costa Pacífica de Colombia y el Ecuador, in: Boletín de Arqueología FIAN, vol. 7, n° 1, p. 37-48, 1992
  159. ZARIN Daniel J., Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Variability of Some Amazonian Floodplain Soils, in: Advances in Economic Botany, vol. 13, p. 313-321, 1999
  160. MATHEWSON Kent, Taxonomy of Raised and Drained Fields: A Morphogenetic Approach, in: Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, FARRINGTON I.S. (editeur), p. 835-849, B.A.R., Oxford, England, 1985
  161. tecto-sísmicos: Aplicación a la zona costera de San Lorenzo, norte de Ecuador, in: Acta Oceanográfica del Pacífico, vol. 13, n° 1, p. 227-241, 2005
  162. DENEVAN William.M., The aboriginal cultural geography of the Llanos de Mojos of Bolivia., University of California Press, Berkeley/ Los Angeles, 1966
  163. CASEMENT Roger, The Amazon Journal of Roger Casement., Anaconda Editions., London, 1997
  164. BRAY Warwick, HERRERA Leonor, CARDALE DE SCHRIMPFF Marianne, BOTERO Pedro, MONSALVE José, The Ancient Agricultural Landscape of Calima, Colombia, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985, p. 443-481, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  165. ROSTAIN Stéphen, VERSTEEG Aad, The Arauquinoid Tradition in the Guianas, in: Late Ceramic Age Societies in the Eastern Caribbean, DELPUECH A. (ed.), HOFMAN C. (ed.), coll. Paris Monographs in American Archaeology, 14., p. 233-250, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 2004
  166. BROADBENT Sylvia.M., The Chibcha Raised-Field System in the Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia: Further Investigations, in: Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogotá, Colombia 1985, p. 425-442, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  167. SPENCER Charles, S., The Coevolution and the Development of Venezuelan Chiefdoms, in: Profiles in Cultural Evolution: Papers from a Conference in Honor of Elman Service, RAMBO A., T. (ed.), GILLOGLY K. (ed.), p. 137-165, University of Michigan Press/University of Michigan/Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, Ann Arbor, 1991
  168. ERICKSON Clark, L., The Dating of Raised-Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru, in: Pre Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region, p. 373-384, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1987
  169. SAAVEDRA Oscar, The Lowlands, Rescuing the Past, in: Bolivia, Climate Change, Poverty and Adaptation, TICEHURST Simon, URGEL Sagrario, BEST Sarah (ed.), p. 45-52, OXFAM International, La Paz, 2009
  170. BAYLISS-SMITH Tim, The Meaning of Ditches: Interpreting the Archéological Record from New Guinea Using Insights form Ethnography, in: Rethinking Agriculture. Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeaological Prespectives, p. 126-148, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, 2007
  171. PIPERNO Dolores.R, PEARSALL Deborah.M, The Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics., Academic Press, San Diego. CA, 1998
  172. WEST Robert Cooper, The Pacific Lowlands of Colombia, a Negroid Area of the American Tropics, by Robert C. West., Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1957
  173. SANTANA E, DUMONT Jean-François, The San Lorenzo fault, a new active fault in relation to the Esmaraldas-Tumaco seismic zone, in: 5th International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics ISAG, p. 577-580, IRD, Paris, 2002
  174. CHAPIN Leland, The Seduction of Models. the Chinampas Agriculture in Mexico., in: Grassroots Development., vol. 12, n° 1, p. 15, 1988
  175. STAHL Peter W., The Significance of Anthropogenic Landscapes in Prehistoric South America to Studies of Biodiversity., in: Man, Culture and Biodiversity, Understanding Interdependencies., HAUSER G., LITTLE M. A., ROBERTS D. F. (ed.), p. 3-11, Man, Culture and Biodiversity, Understanding Interdependencies., Paris, 1994
  176. ERICKSON Clark, L., The Social Organization of Prehispanic Raised Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin, in: Research in Economic Anthropology; Economic Aspects of Ater management in the Prehispanic New World, p. 369-426, JAI Press, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1993
  177. SCHIFFER Micheal, The Structure of Archaeological Theory, in: American Antiquity, 1988 · DOI
  178. ROUSE Irving, The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People who Greeted Columbus., Yale University Press, New Haven, 1992
  179. KOLATA Alan. L., The Tiwanaku: portrait of an Andean civilization., Wiley Blackwell, Cambridge, 1991
  180. KNAPP Gregory, DENEVAN William, The Use of Wetlands in the Prehistoric Economy of the Northern Ecuadorian Highlands., in: Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, p. 185-207, B.A.R. International, Oxford, England, 1985
  181. Theories., p. 487-513, Alta Mira Press, Lanham
  182. DENEVAN William, Tipología de configuraciones agrícolas prehispánicas, in: América Indígena, vol. 40, n° 4, p. 619-652, 1979
  183. KOLATA Alan. L., Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization Volume 1: Agroecology, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, 1996
  184. KOLATA Alan L., Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean Civilization, in: Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin, vol. 53, n° 8, p. 13-28, 1982
  185. DEBOER Warren R., Traces Behind the Esmeraldas Shore. Prehistory of the Santiago-Cayapas Region., The University of Alabama Press., Ecuador. Tuscaloosa, 1996
  186. DENSLOW Julie S., HARTSHORN Gary S., Tree-fall Gap Environments and Forest Dynamic Processes., in: La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest, p. 120-127, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994
  187. BRAY Warwick, Una secuencia arqueológica en las vecindades de Buga, Colombia, in: Nawpa Pacha, vol. 7, n° 8, p. 18, 1971
  188. MATHENY Ray, GURR Deanne, Variation in Prehistoric Agricultural Systems, 1983 · DOI
  189. UGALDE Maria Fernanda, UGALDE Maria Fernanda (ed.), Volcanes, cenizas y ocupaciones antiguas en perspectiva geoarqueológica en América Latina, p. 165-175, PUCE, Quito, 1984
  190. MARCOS Jorge, Water management in Ancient Ecuador, in: From Where Life Flows. The Local Knowledge and Politics of Water in the Andes, Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim, 2006
  191. FERGUSON Brian, Whotever Happened to the Stone Age? Steel Tools and Yanomami Historical Ecology, in: Advances in historical ecology, BALÉE William.L (ed.), coll. The historical ecology series, p. 287-312, Columbia University Press, New York, 1998
  192. WALKER John H., Work Parties and Raised Field Groups in the Bolivian Amazon., in: Expedition Magazine., vol. 43, n° 3, p. 9-18, 2001

Cited by

Still being checked.

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Ariza Pareja, M. A.
Affiliations
Paris 1
Venue
theses.fr (ABES)
Publisher
Agence Bibliographique de l'Enseignement Supérieur
Published
2023-11-23
DOI
10.70675/858d242dz87b5z4412z9b21z64dec129e4db
OpenAlex
W7151777959
Semantic Scholar
4439966cd79e9edeff181268096c65a67205c50d
Cited by
0
References
265
Type
dissertation
Language
fr
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • theses.fr (ABES) (publishedVersion)
  • theses.fr (ABES) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
  • Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Archaeology and Natural History
Keywords
raised-field agriculture, equatorial Pacific, Tumaco, agricultural evolution, phytolith analysis, radiocarbon dating, cultural change, landscape archaeology, aerial and satellite imagery, GIS analysis, Colombian-Ecuadorian border

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review