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Perspectival Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Equivocation

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Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo·2004·Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Abstract

This article argues that doing anthropology means comparing anthropologies. Comparison is not just our primary analytic tool, it is also our raw material and our ultimate grounding, since what we compare are always and necessarily, in one form or other, comparisons. If, as Marilyn Strathern suggests, culture consists in the way people draw analogies between different domains of their worlds, then every culture is a multidimensional process of comparison. Likewise, if anthropology studies culture through culture, then, following Roy Wagner, whatever operations characterize our investigations must also be general properties of culture. Intracultural relations, or internal comparisons, and intercultural relations, or external comparisons, are in strict ontological continuity. But direct comparability does not necessarily signify immediate translatability, just as ontological continuity does not imply epistemological transparency. How can we restore the analogies traced by, say, indigenous Amazonian peoples within the terms of our own analogies? What happens to our comparisons when we compare them with indigenous comparisons? The perspective advocated here is that of perspectivism and controlled equivocation. Este artigo sustenta que fazer antropologia é comparar antropologias. A comparação não é apenas nosso instrumento de análise primário; ela é também nossa matéria-prima e nosso contexto último. Pois o que comparamos são sempre, de uma forma ou de outra, comparações. Se, como sugere Marilyn Strathern, a cultura consiste no modo pelo qual as pessoas estabelecem analogias entre diferentes domínios de seus mundos, então cada cultura é um processo multidimensional de comparação. Da mesma forma, se a antropologia estuda a cultura através da cultura, então, como observa Roy Wagner, as operações que caracterizam nossa investigação —sejam elas quais forem—devem ser também propriedades gerais da cultura. As relações intraculturais, ou comparações internas, e as relações interculturais, ou comparações externas, estão em estrita continuidade ontológica. Mas a comparabilidade direta não significa necessariamente tradutibilidade imediata, assim como a continuidade ontológica não significa transparência epistemológica. Como podemos restituir as analogias estabelecidas por, digamos, os povos indígenas amazônicos nos termos de nossas próprias analogias? O que acontece com nossas comparações quando as comparamos com as comparações indígenas? A perspectiva que aqui se advoga é a do perspectivismo e a da equivocação controlada.

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Authors
Viveiros de Castro, E.
Venue
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
Published
2004-06-01
Volume
2
Issue
1
ISSN
2572-3626 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2991964267
Cited by
1,282
References
0
FWCI
11.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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Viveiros de Castro, E. (2004). Perspectival Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Equivocation. Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America. https://doi.org/10.70845/2572-3626.1010

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