Comparison of skeletal muscle strength between cardiac patients and age-matched healthy controls
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare muscular strength of knee extensors and arm flexor muscles of cardiac patients (n = 638) and healthy controls (n = 961) in different age groups. Isometric torques were measured in a sitting position with the elbow, hip, and knee flexed to 90(0). For statistical analysis, age groups were pooled in decades from the age of 30 to 90 years. Additionally, the influence of physical lifestyle prior to disease on muscular strength was obtained in the patients. For statistical analysis three-way ANOVA (factors age, gender, and physical activity level) was used.Both in patients and in controls a significant age-dependent decline in maximal torque could be observed for arm flexors and knee extensors. Maximal leg extensor muscle showed statistically significant differences between healthy controls and cardiac patients as well as between subgroups of patients: Physically inactive patients showed lowest torques (male: 148 +/- 18 Nm; female: 82 +/- 25 Nm) while highest values were measured in control subjects (male: 167 +/- 16 Nm; female: 93 +/- 17 Nm). In contrast, arm flexor muscles did not show any significant influence of health status or sports history.This qualitative difference between weight-bearing leg muscles and the muscle group of the upper extremity suggest that lower skeletal muscle strength in heart patients is mainly a consequence of selective disuse of leg muscles rather than any pathological skeletal muscle metabolism. Since a certain level of skeletal muscle strength is a prerequisite to cope with everyday activities, strength training is recommended as an important part of cardiac rehabilitation.
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The decline in muscle strength during ageing is greater than expected from the loss of muscle mass, especially after age 60-70 years.
“However, it has become clear that decreases in muscle strength exceed what is expected on the basis of the decline in muscle mass during ageing,18 especially after the age of 60–70 years.19”
From Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: The effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [19]
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Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: The effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases
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- Authors
- Baum, K., Hildebrandt, U., Edel, K., Bertram, R., Hahmann, H., Bremer, F. J., Böhmen, S., Kammerlander, C., Serafin, M., Rüther, T., & Miche, E.
- Affiliations
- German Sport University Cologne (DE)
- Klinik St. Irmingard (DE)
- Kreiskliniken Reutlingen (DE)
- Gollwitzer-Meier-Klinik (DE)
- Lungenklinik Hemer (DE)
- ZURZACH Care AG (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Baum, K.
- Venue
- International Journal of Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Ivyspring International Publisher
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 184-191
- ISSN
- 1449-1907 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2706425
- OpenAlex
- W2101035533
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- International Journal of Medical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- skeletal muscle strength, cardiac patients, knee extensors, isometric torque, age-related muscle loss, physical activity, disuse atrophy, cardiac rehabilitation, resistance training
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Arm, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Sports, Case-Control Studies, Muscle, Skeletal, Torque, Muscle Strength
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