The DOI matches its Crossref record; 148 of the 148 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interferon-Gamma, the Activated Macrophage, and Host Defense Against Microbial Challenge
Abstract
Recent research on human macrophage activation has reemphasized the critical role of the lymphokine-secreting T cell in converting quiescent macrophages to efficient microbicidal phagocytes. Interferon-gamma, a key lymphokine secreted by antigen-triggered T4+ helper cells, is capable of inducing the macrophage to act against a diverse group of microbial targets, in particular, intracellular pathogens. In animal models, treatment with recombinant interferon-gamma is beneficial in systemic intracellular infections, and inhibition of endogenous interferon-gamma activity impairs host resistance. Trials in patients with cancer, leprosy, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have shown that interferon-gamma can activate the mononuclear phagocyte in humans. This research and the identification of patients whose T cells fail to produce interferon-gamma properly has set the stage for evaluating the role of macrophage-activating immunotherapy using interferon-gamma in various human infectious diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nathan, C. F., Murray, H. W., Wiebe, M. E., & Rubin, B. Y. (1983) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.158.3.670 · Cited by 1,962
Self-citationDinarello, C. A. (1984) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/6.1.51 · Cited by 1,644
Mechanism of a Reaction in Vitro Associated with Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
Bloom, B. R., & Bennett, B. (1966) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.153.3731.80 · Cited by 1,603
CELLULAR RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
Mackaness, G. B. (1962) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.116.3.381 · Cited by 1,361
David, J. R. (1966) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.56.1.72 · Cited by 1,273
Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients treated with gamma interferon
Panitch, H., Haley, A., Hirsch, R., & Johnson, K. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92863-7 · Cited by 1,071
THE INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY COMMITTED LYMPHOID CELLS ON MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY IN VIVO
Mackaness, G. B. (1969) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.129.5.973 · Cited by 931
Immune Interferon in the Circulation of Patients with Autoimmune Disease
Hooks, J. J., Moutsopoulos, H. M., Geis, S. A., Stahl, N. I., Decker, J. L., & Notkins, A. L. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197907053010102 · Cited by 921
Oxygen metabolism and the toxic properties of phagocytes
KLEBANOFF, S. J. (1980) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-93-3-480 · Cited by 868
Pfefferkorn, E. R. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.3.908 · Cited by 854
Cited by
Heyworth, P. G., Cross, A. R., & Curnutte, J. T. (2003) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0952-7915(03)00109-2 · Cited by 396
Immune privilege and suppression of immunogenic inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye
Cousins, S. W., Trattler, W. B., & Streilein, J. W. (1991) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.3109/02713689108996334 · Cited by 85
Pneumonia models and innate immunity to respiratory bacterial pathogens
Knapp, S., Schultz, M. J., & Poll, T. V. D. (2005) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000191385.41689.f3 · Cited by 56
Ahmed, A. M. M., Bomford, A., Nouri-Aria, K. T., Davies, T., Smith, R., & Williams, R. (2011) · Results in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.rinim.2011.08.004 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- MURRAY, H. W.
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 1988-04-01
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 595-608
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W2003484888
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 148
- FWCI
- 17.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interferon-Gamma, the Activated Macrophage, and Host Defense Against Microbial Challenge. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-595
- The paper
- MURRAY, H. W. (1988). Interferon-Gamma, the Activated Macrophage, and Host Defense Against Microbial Challenge. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-595
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
