The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Alcohol Intake and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8 Cohort Studies
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have generally reported positive associations between alcohol consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. However, findings related to specific alcoholic beverages or different anatomic sites in the large bowel have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of total alcohol intake and intake from specific beverages to the incidence of colorectal cancer and to evaluate whether other potential risk factors modify the association. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of primary data from 8 cohort studies in 5 countries. SETTING: North America and Europe. PARTICIPANTS: 489,979 women and men with no history of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Alcohol intake was assessed in each study at baseline by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: During a maximum of 6 to 16 years of follow-up across the studies, 4687 cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In categorical analyses, increased risk for colorectal cancer was limited to persons with an alcohol intake of 30 g/d or greater (approximately > or =2 drinks/d), a consumption level reported by 4% of women and 13% of men. Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled multivariate relative risks were 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.36) for persons who consumed 30 to less than 45 g/d and 1.41 (CI, 1.16 to 1.72) for those who consumed 45 g/d or greater. No significant heterogeneity by study or sex was observed. The association was evident for cancer of the proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum. No clear difference in relative risks was found among specific alcoholic beverages. LIMITATIONS: The study included only one measure of alcohol consumption at baseline and could not investigate lifetime alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption at younger ages, or changes in alcohol consumption during follow-up. It also could not examine drinking patterns or duration of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: A single determination of alcohol intake correlated with a modest relative elevation in colorectal cancer rate, mainly at the highest levels of alcohol intake.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380
Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Litin, L. B., & Willett, W. C. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116211 · Cited by 2,104
Self-citationFrezza, M., di Padova, C., Pozzato, G., Terpin, M., Baraona, E., & Lieber, C. S. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199001113220205 · Cited by 1,328
Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data.
BRUZZI, P., GREEN, S. B., BYAR, D. P., BRINTON, L. A., & SCHAIRER, C. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174 · Cited by 1,214
The Assessment of Alcohol Consumption by a Simple Self-administered Questionnaire
Glovannucci, E., Colditz, G., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. B., Litin, L., Sampson, L., & Willett, W. C. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115960 · Cited by 637 · cited 2×
“Two of the studies also reported strong correlations between alcohol intake and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a biomarker that cannot be affected by biased reporting (19).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationMunger, R. G., Folsom, A. R., Kushi, L. H., Kaye, S. A., & Sellers, T. A. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116485 · Cited by 353 · cited 1×
“However, validation data in our studies have generally supported that alcohol intake was well measured (16, 17, 19) (Wolk A.”
ResultSelf-citationBacteriocolonic Pathway for Ethanol Oxidation: Characteristics and Implications
Salaspuro, M. (1996) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899609033120 · Cited by 158
Cited by
Danaei, G., Ding, E. L., Mozaffarian, D., Taylor, B., Rehm, J., Murray, C. J. L., & Ezzati, M. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000058 · Cited by 2,860
The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview
Rehm, J., Baliunas, D., Borges, G. L. G., Graham, K., Irving, H., Kehoe, T., Parry, C. D., Patra, J., Popova, S., Poznyak, V., et al. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02899.x · Cited by 1,174
Carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages
Baan, R., Straif, K., Grosse, Y., Secretan, B., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Altieri, A., & Cogliano, V. (2007) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70099-2 · Cited by 877
Boffetta, P., & Hashibe, M. (2006) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70577-0 · Cited by 877
Meta-analyses of colorectal cancer risk factors
Johnson, C. M., Wei, C., Ensor, J. E., Smolenski, D. J., Amos, C. I., Levin, B., & Berry, D. A. (2013) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0201-5 · Cited by 779
Metadata
- Authors
- Cho, E., Smith-Warner, S. A., Ritz, J., van den Brandt, P. A., Colditz, G. A., Folsom, A. R., Freudenheim, J. L., Giovannucci, E., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., Holmberg, L., Kim, D.-H., Malila, N., Miller, A. B., Pietinen, P., Rohan, T. E., Sellers, T. A., Speizer, F. E., Willett, W. C., Wolk, A., & Hunter, D. J.
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 2004-04-20
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 603-613
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W2106299982
- Cited by
- 501
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 19.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Alcohol Intake and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8 Cohort Studies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00007
- The paper
- Cho, E., Smith-Warner, S. A., Ritz, J., van den Brandt, P. A., Colditz, G. A., Folsom, A. R., Freudenheim, J. L., Giovannucci, E., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., Holmberg, L., Kim, D.-H., Malila, N., Miller, A. B., Pietinen, P., Rohan, T. E., Sellers, T. A., Speizer, F. E., Willett, W. C., . . . Hunter, D. J. (2004). Alcohol Intake and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8 Cohort Studies. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
