Alcohol and cancer
Abstract
A causal association has been established between alcohol consumption and cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colon, rectum, and, in women, breast; an association is suspected for cancers of the pancreas and lung. Evidence suggests that the effect of alcohol is modulated by polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes for ethanol metabolism (eg, alcohol dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, and cytochrome P450 2E1), folate metabolism, and DNA repair. The mechanisms by which alcohol consumption exerts its carcinogenic effect have not been defined fully, although plausible events include: a genotoxic effect of acetaldehyde, the main metabolite of ethanol; increased oestrogen concentration, which is important for breast carcinogenesis; a role as solvent for tobacco carcinogens; production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species; and changes in folate metabolism. Alcohol consumption is increasing in many countries and is an important cause of cancer worldwide.
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The risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the development of cancer is modified by genetic variations in the carbon metabolism pathway and the ethanol-acetaldehyde metabolic pathways.
“The risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the development of cancer has been shown to be modified by genetic variations in the carbon metabolism pathway and the ethanol–acetaldehyde metabolic pathways 181, 182.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [182]
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- Authors
- Boffetta, P., & Hashibe, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Boffetta, Paolo
- Venue
- The Lancet Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-156
- ISSN
- 1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4241577617
- Cited by
- 877
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 5.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, alcohol-related cancer, oral cancer, pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, CYP2E1, folate metabolism, DNA repair, acetaldehyde, genotoxicity, estrogen, tobacco carcinogens, reactive oxygen species, carcinogenesis mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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