Dietary Assessment of Older Iowa Women with a Food Frequency Questionnaire: Nutrient Intake, Reproducibility, and Comparison with 24-Hour Dietary Recall Interviews
Abstract
The authors report the results of a dietary survey of 38,121 Iowa women, 55-69 years of age in 1986, based on a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire previously tested among Boston-area women aged 34-59 years. The Iowa women, compared with the younger Boston-area women, consumed a similar amount of calories (1,767 vs. 1,844 kcal) and a similar amount of total calories from fat (35 vs. 37%) but had markedly greater intake of the following micronutrients after including supplement use: iron (+18%), calcium (+33%), vitamin A (+43%), riboflavin (+46%), thiamine (+50%), and pyridoxine (+122%). The reproducibility of the questionnaire was examined in two more administrations to 44 of the Iowa women in January and June of 1988. Reproducibility was highest for alcohol (Pearson's r = 0.99), caffeine (r = 0.95), and vitamin E (r = 0.90) and lowest for sucrose (r = 0.53), polyunsaturated fat (r = 0.56), and iron (r = 0.59). Micronutrient intakes were generally more reproducible than macronutrient intakes. The agreement between the June 1988 questionnaire and the average of five 24-hour dietary recalls was also assessed in the 44 subjects. The median correlations of energy-adjusted intake were as follows: for macronutrients, r = 0.45; for micronutrients without supplements, r = 0.33; and for micronutrients with supplements, r = 0.64. This food frequency questionnaire appears to be reasonably reproducible and accurate, so that its use may be extended to epidemiologic studies of older women with a broad range of socioeconomic backgrounds.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This validation study had an adequate sample size similar to those used in previous studies.
“In addition, this validation study had an adequate sample size [15] similar to those used in previous studies [30,45-46].”
From Online dietary intake estimation: reproducibility and validity of the Food4Me Food frequency questionnaire against a 4-day weighed food record (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Subar, A. F., Thompson, F. E., Kipnis, V., Midthune, D., Hurwitz, P. E., McNutt, S., McIntosh, A., & Rosenfeld, S. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.12.1089 · Cited by 1,401 · see citing works
Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women
Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., Jacobs, D. R., Slavin, J., Sellers, T. A., & Folsom, A. R. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.4.921 · Cited by 1,271 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation Between Smoking and Risk of Bladder Cancer Among Men and Women
Freedman, N. D. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1142 · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
“Tripathi et al,37 2002 Iowa Women’s Health Study Women 1986-1998 6238 24 723 (66) 42 (38) 5619 (15) 45 (41) 16 ( 20 cigarettes/d)39,c,d 4.”
Measurement Characteristics of the Women’s Health Initiative Food Frequency Questionnaire
Patterson, R. E., Kristal, A. R., Tinker, L. F., Carter, R. A., Bolton, M. P., & Agurs‐Collins, T. (1999) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00055-6 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins and Death from Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Kushi, L. H., Folsom, A. R., Prineas, R. J., Mink, P. J., Wu, Y. G., & Bostick, R. M. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605023341803 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Self-citationFlavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women
Mink, P. J., Scrafford, C. G., Barraj, L. M., Harnack, L., Hong, C.-P., Nettleton, J. A., & Jacobs, D. R. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.895 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
“Validity of the FFQ to ascertain nutrient intake was evaluated in a subgroup of 44 women by comparing the mean nutrient intake according to the questionnaire with that estimated from five 24-h dietary recall interviews (26).”
MethodAlcohol and Breast Cancer in Women
Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Yaun, S., van den Brandt, P. A., Folsom, A. R., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., Holmberg, L., Howe, G. R., Marshall, J. R., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.7.535 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary Assessment Methodology
Thompson, F. E., & Subar, A. F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802928-2.00001-1 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Cohort Studies of Fat Intake and the Risk of Breast Cancer — A Pooled Analysis
Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D. L., Adami, H., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Folsom, A. R., Fraser, G. E., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., Howe, G. R., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340603 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Self-citationJacobs, D. R., Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., & Folsom, A. R. (1998) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/68.2.248 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Self-citationBody Fat Distribution and 5-Year Risk of Death in Older Women
Folsom, A. R. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500040049035 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Self-citationType 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Incident Hip Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
Nicodemus, K. K., & Folsom, A. R. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.7.1192 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Self-citationDairy Foods, Calcium, and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Cohort Studies
Cho, E., Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Colditz, G. A., Folsom, A. R., Fraser, G. E., Freudenheim, J. L., Giovannucci, E. L., et al. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh185 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Intake and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8 Cohort Studies
Cho, E., Smith-Warner, S. A., Ritz, J., van den Brandt, P. A., Colditz, G. A., Folsom, A. R., Freudenheim, J. L., Giovannucci, E. L., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., et al. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00007 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
“However, validation data in our studies have generally supported that alcohol intake was well measured (16, 17, 19) (Wolk A.”
ResultSelf-citationBostick, R. M., Potter, J. D., Kushi, L. H., Sellers, T. A., Steinmetz, K. A., McKenzie, D. R., Gapstur, S. M., & Folsom, A. R. (1994) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/bf01830725 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Park, Y., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D. L., Bergkvist, L., Berrino, F., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Freudenheim, J. L., Fuchs, C. S., et al. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.22.2849 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
“New York State Cohort (NYSC) 1980-1987 22 550 296 24 (17-33) 5 (4-6) 5 (2-10) 11 (7-18)”
InfluentialThe American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort
Calle, E. E., Rodriguez, C., Jacobs, E. J., Almon, M., Chao, A., McCullough, M. L., Feigelson, H. S., & Thun, M. J. (2002) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.10197 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Caloric Intake and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Luchsinger, J. A., Tang, M., Shea, S. A., & Mayeux, R. P. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.8.1258 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Municipal Drinking Water Nitrate Level and Cancer Risk in Older Women: The Iowa Women’s Health Study
Weyer, P. J., Cerhan, J. R., Kross, B. C., Hallberg, G. R., Kantamneni, J. R., Breuer, G. M., Jones, M. P., Zheng, W., & Lynch, C. F. (2001) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200105000-00013 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Light alcohol drinking and cancer: a meta-analysis
Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Botteri, E., Tramacere, I., Islami, F., Fedirko, V., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Turati, F., Pasquali, E., et al. (2013) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mds337 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
“However, studies investigating reproducibility and validity of self-reported alcohol drinking in various populations found generally satisfactory correlation coefficients [36–41].”
BackgroundReproducibility and Validity of Food Frequency Questionnaires
Willett, W. C., & Lenart, E. B. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199754038.003.0006 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort
Calle, E. E., Rodríguez, C., Jacobs, E. J., Almon, M., Chao, A., McCullough, M. L., Feigelson, H. S., & Thun, M. J. (2002) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.101970 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Luchsinger, J. A., Tang, M.-X., Shea, S., & Mayeux, R. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.2.203 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Decarli, A., Franceschi, S., Ferraroni, M., Gnagnarella, P., Parpinel, M. T., Vecchia, C. L., Negri, E., Salvini, S., Falcini, F., & Giacosa, A. (1996) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(95)00129-8 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Dietary fat and incidence of type 2 diabetes in older Iowa women
Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., Jacobs, D. R., & Folsom, A. R. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.9.1528 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
“The validity of the food-frequency questionnaire was evaluated by comparing nutrient values determined from the questionnaire with values estimated from the average of five 24-h dietary recall surveys in 44 study participants (15).”
MethodProspective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women
Munger, R. G., Cerhan, J. R., & Chiu, B. C. ‐. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.1.147 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
“The food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the 1986 baseline survey was adapted from the Nurses’ Health Study (19) and included 127 food items and questions on the use of nutritional supplements (20).”
MethodSelf-citationDietary Supplements and Mortality Rate in Older Women
Mursu, J. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.445 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Harvie, M., Howell, A., Vierkant, R. A., Kumar, N. B., Cerhan, J. R., Kelemen, L. E., Folsom, A. R., & Sellers, T. A. (2005) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0001 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationMethods for Pooling Results of Epidemiologic Studies
Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Ritz, J., Albanes, D., Beeson, W. L., Bernstein, L., Berrino, F., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E., Cho, E., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj127 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
“Iowa Women’s Health Study (55) Women 44 Five 24-hour recalls over 2 months Energy-adjusted Pearson CCs 0.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDietary assessment in the elderly: validation of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
Klipstein‐Grobusch, K., den Breeijen, J. H., Goldbohm, R. A., Geleijnse, J. M., Albert Hofman, D., Grobbee, D. E., & Witteman, J. C. M. (1998) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600611 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
“…were similar to results of studies where either a (S)FFQ or dietary history were validated in the elderly (Jain et al, 1996; van Staveren et al, 1996; Grootenhuis et al, 1995; Rothenberg, 1994; Horwarth, 1993; Mares-Perlmann et al, 1993; Nes et al, 1992; Mahalko et al, 1985; Munger et al, 1992).”
ResultA meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk
Tramacere, I., Negri, E., Pelucchi, C., Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Scotti, L., Islami, F., Corrao, G., Vecchia, C. L., & Boffetta, P. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr135 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Well-Done Meat Intake and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Zheng, W., Gustafson, D., Moore, D. B., Hong, C.-P., Anderson, K. E., Kushi, L. H., Sellers, T. A., Folsom, A. R., Sinha, R., & Cerhan, J. R. (1998) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/90.22.1724 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Intake Assessment: The Sober Facts
Feunekes, G. I. J., Veer, P. V. ’., van Staveren, W. A., & Kok, F. J. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009909 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
“Eleven of 33 papers had quantitative data of test-retest reproducibility of alcohol intake estimation (6-8, 11, 18, 19, 22, 27, 34-36).”
BackgroundMethodAntioxidant Micronutrients and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Cohort of Older Women
Cerhan, J. R. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf205 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
“The reliability and validity of the food frequency questionnaire has been documented in this cohort (22).”
BackgroundBostick, R. M., Kushi, L. H., Wu, Y. G., Meyer, K., Sellers, T. A., & FOLSOM, A. R. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009781 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“The reliability and accuracy of this questionnaire among members of this cohort (44) are comparable to those observed in the Nurses' Health Study (41).”
ResultSelf-citationPlasma carotenoids as biomarkers of vegetable and fruit intake.
Campbell, D. R., Gross, M., Martini, M. C., Grandits, G., Slavin, J. L., & Potter, J. D. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Messerer, M., Wolk, A., & Johansson, S. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.7.1800 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
“4) 24 (27) 10 (8) 36 (20) 20 (28) Calcium, mg 689 (689) 1191 (1191) 53 (53) 4 (4) 47 (47) 2 (2) Magnesium, mg 270 (270) 379 (374) 45 (45) 2 (2) 51 (53) 2 (2) Selenium, g 24.”
Types of dietary fat and breast cancer: A pooled analysis of cohort studies
Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Adami, H., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Folsom, A. R., Fraser, G. E., Freudenheim, J. L., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., et al. (2001) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0215(20010601)92:5 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationWengreen, H. J., Munger, R. G., Cutler, A., Quach, A., Bowles, A. J., Corcoran, C. D., Tschanz, J. T., Norton, M. C., & Welsh-Bohmer, K. A. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051276 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
“Similar questionnaires have been shown to provide reasonable estimates of the usual dietary intake in populations of varied ages and demographic characteristics including a population of elderly women (31, 32).”
ResultSelf-citationAndersen, L. F., Jacobs, D. R., Carlsen, M. H., & Blomhoff, R. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1039 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
FOLSOM, A., PARKER, E., & HARNACK, L. (2007) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.09.003 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
“45, respectively.(13) The median correlation between energy-adjusted intake by the two methods was r 0.”
MethodSelf-citationPetrick, J. L., Campbell, P. T., Koshiol, J., Thistle, J. E., Andreotti, G., Beane-Freeman, L. E., Buring, J. E., Chan, A. T., Chong, D. Q., Doody, M. M., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0007-z · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Regression calibration method for correcting measurement-error bias in nutritional epidemiology
Spiegelman, D. L., McDermott, A., & ROSNER, B. A. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1179s · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Potter, J. D., Cerhan, J. R., Sellers, T. A., McGovern, P. G., Drinkard, C. R., Kushi, L. H., & Folsom, A. R. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citationJacobs, D. R., Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., & Folsom, A. R. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.3.322 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationMännistö, S., Virtanen, M. J., Mikkonen, T., & Pietinen, P. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00551-x · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Sellers, T. A., Kushi, L. H., Cerhan, J. R., et al. (2001) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200107000-00012 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationHormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer With a Favorable Histology
Gapstur, S. M., Morrow, M., & Sellers, T. A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.22.2091 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
“Usual alcohol consumption was assessed using the Harvard semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire developed by Willett et al,(17) and has been described in detail elsewhere.(18,19) Four follow-up questionnaires were mailed in 1987, 1989, 1992, and 1997 to collect information on incident selfreported disease, vita…”
Self-citationAlcohol drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of the dose‐risk relation
Tramacere, I., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Bagnardi, V., Bellocco, R., Rota, M., Corrao, G., Bravi, F., Boffetta, P., & Vecchia, C. L. (2009) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.24936 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Colorectal adenomas and the C677T MTHFR polymorphism: evidence for gene-environment interaction?
Ulrich, C. M., Kampman, E., Bigler, J., Schwartz, S. M., Chen, C., Bostick, R. M., Fosdick, L., Beresford, S. A. A., Yasui, Y., & Potter, J. D. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Prospective Study of Diet and Ovarian Cancer
Kushi, L. H., Mink, P. J., Folsom, A. R., Anderson, K. E., Zheng, W., Lazovich, D., & Sellers, T. A. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009723 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“The ability of the food frequency questionnaire to characterize persons according to nutrient intake was examined in a subset of 44 Iowa women by comparing their questionnaire answers with the mean intake as estimated from five 24-hour dietary recalls (19).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRecent diet and breast cancer risk: the California Teachers Study (USA)
Horn-Ross, P. L., Hoggatt, K. J., West, D. W., Krone, M. R., Stewart, S. L., Anton-Culver, H., Bernstein, L., Deapen, D., Peel, D., Pinder, R., et al. (2002) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1015786030864 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Dietary Carotenoids and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Pooled Analysis of Seven Cohort Studies
Männistö, S., Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Albanes, D., Anderson, K. E., van den Brandt, P. A., Cerhan, J. R., Colditz, G. A., Feskanich, D., Freudenheim, J. L., et al. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-038-3 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Design Characteristics of Food Frequency Questionnaires in Relation to Their Validity
Molag, M., de Vries, J. H. M., Ocké, M., Dagnelie, P. C., van den Brandt, P. A., Jansen, M., van Staveren, W. A., & Veer, P. V. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm236 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
“Munger, 1992 (41) Willett 44 women 126 Self No Unknown FR 3 d”
BackgroundMethodKelemen, L. E. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi038 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Fallaize, R., Forster, H., Macready, A. L., Walsh, M. C., Mathers, J. C., Brennan, L., Gibney, E. R., Gibney, M. J., & Lovegrove, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3355 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“In addition, this validation study had an adequate sample size [15] similar to those used in previous studies [30,45-46].”
Thompson, F. E., Kipnis, V., Midthune, D., Freedman, L. S., Carroll, R. J., Subar, A. F., Brown, C. C., Butcher, M. S., Mouw, T., Leitzmann, M., et al. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007000419 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
“For FFQ-repor-ted data, the number of removed outliers ranged from one for protein and cholesterol to 24 for vitamin C.”
Risk factors for hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps: evidence for malignant potential?
Morimoto, L. M., Newcomb, P. A., Ulrich, C. M., Bostick, R. M., Lais, C. J., & Potter, J. D. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Miller, S. M. (1995) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19950715)76:2 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Fourteen Cohort Studies
Genkinger, J. M., Spiegelman, D. L., Anderson, K. E., Bergkvist, L., Bernstein, L., van den Brandt, P. A., English, D. R., Freudenheim, J. L., Fuchs, C. S., Giles, G. G., et al. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0880 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
“The measurement-error corrected risk estimates were similar to the uncorrected results, which was expected because the assessments of alcohol intake from the study-specific questionnaires and multiple 24-hours recalls or food records generally have been shown to be highly correlated (74-82).”
BackgroundResultDoes supplemental vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes?
Lee, D., Folsom, A. R., Harnack, L., Halliwell, B. B., & Jacobs, D. R. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1194 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, we compared the vitamin C intake in a subgroup of 44 women with their mean intake estimated from five 24-h dietary recall interviews (11).”
MethodSelf-citationFruits, vegetables and lung cancer: A pooled analysis of cohort studies
Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Yaun, S., Albanes, D., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Feskanich, D., Folsom, A. R., Fraser, G. E., Freudenheim, J. L., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.11490 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationVegetables, fruit, and lung cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study.
Steinmetz, K. A., Potter, J. D., & Folsom, A. R. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of walnut consumption on plasma fatty acids and lipoproteins in combined hyperlipidemia
Almario, R. U., Vonghavaravat, V., Wong, R., & Kasim-Karakas, S. E. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.1.72 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Dietary catechins in relation to coronary heart disease death among postmenopausal women
Arts, I. C. W., Jacobs, D. R., Harnack, L., Gross, M. D., & Folsom, A. R. (2001) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200111000-00015 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationIntake of Vitamins A, C, and E and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: The Iowa Women's Health Study
Kushi, L. H., Fee, R. M., Sellers, T. A., Zheng, W., & Folsom, A. R. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008904 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“The reliability and validity of the food frequency questionnaire have been reported elsewhere (22).”
BackgroundSelf-citationJacobs, D. R., Andersen, L. F., & Blomhoff, R. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1606 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated in 2 studies (26, 27).”
BackgroundFlagg, E. W., Coates, R. J., Calle, E. E., Potischman, N. A., & Thun, M. J. (2000) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200007000-00017 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of cancer in postmenopausal women: The Iowa Women's Health Study
Cutler, G. J., Nettleton, J. A., Ross, J. A., Harnack, L., Jacobs, D. R., Scrafford, C., Barraj, L. M., Mink, P. J., & Robien, K. (2008) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23564 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“Participants also completed a 127-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed and validated by Willett and coworkers,27,28 with reliability and validity demonstrated in the IWHS.29 The FFQ asked participants to report average consumption over the past year, including the following flavonoid-containing foods: fru…”
MethodJacobs, D. R., Pereira, M. A., Meyer, K. A., & Kushi, L. H. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2000.10718968 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“The validity of the food frequency questionnaire was evaluated in this cohort by comparing nutrient values determined from the questionnaire to values estimated from the average of five 24-hour dietary recall surveys in 44 participants [16].”
MethodSelf-citationVitamin C and Vitamin E for Alzheimer's Disease
Boothby, L. A., & Doering, P. L. (2005) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1e495 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pereira, M. A., Parker, E. D., & Folsom, A. R. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.12.1311 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationArts, I. C. W., Jacobs, D. R., Gross, M. D., Harnack, L., & Folsom, A. R. (2002) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1015290131096 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“In our Iowa cohort the reproducibility of the foodfrequency questionnaire and estimates of nutrient intakes compared to five 24-h dietary recalls were satisfactory [15].”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntake of antioxidant vitamins and risk of death from stroke in postmenopausal women
Yochum, L., Folsom, A. R., & Kushi, L. H. (2000) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.2.476 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationHeme Iron, Zinc, Alcohol Consumption, and Colon Cancer: Iowa Women's Health Study
Lee, D.-H., Anderson, K. E., Harnack, L., FOLSOM, A. R., & Jacobs, D. R. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh047 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationInoue‐Choi, M., Robien, K., & Lazovich, D. (2013) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0054 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“has been validated in the IWHS population (30).”
BackgroundA comparison of two dietary instruments for evaluating the fat–breast cancer relationship
Freedman, L. S., Potischman, N. A., Kipnis, V., Midthune, D., Schatzkin, A. G., Thompson, F. E., Troiano, R. P., Prentice, R. L., Patterson, R. E., Carroll, R. J., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyl085 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Slater, B., Philippi, S. T., Fisberg, R. M., & Latorre, M. R. D. O. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601588 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“In studies conducted in Greece, by Gnardellis et al (1994) and in the USA by Munger et al (1992), the two effects (increasing and decreasing the correlation) happen simultaneously for the different nutrients analyzed.”
BackgroundAssociation of diet and mammographic breast density in the Minnesota breast cancer family cohort.
Vachon, C. M., Kushi, L. H., Cerhan, J. R., Kuni, C. C., & Sellers, T. A. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationNicodemus, K. K., Sweeney, C., & Folsom, A. R. (2003) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.11532 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, D.-H., Folsom, A. R., & Jacobs, D. R. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1307-1 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationHarnack, L., Jacobs, D. R., Nicodemus, K. K., Lazovich, D., Anderson, K. E., & Folsom, A. R. (2002) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc432_5 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“Although the FFQ used in the IWHS has been shown to provide reasonably valid intake estimates for folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and alcohol (36), measurement error is inherent in retrospective dietary assessment of cancer (44).”
MethodSelf-citationLampe, J. W., Gustafson, D., Hutchins, A. M., Martini, M. C., Li, S., Wähälä, K., Grandits, G., Potter, J. D., & Slavin, J. L. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Retinoic acid-induced embryopathy of the mouse inner ear
Frenz, D. A., Liu, W., Galinović-Schwartz, V., & Water, T. R. V. D. (1996) · Teratology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(199605)53:5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nitrate from Drinking Water and Diet and Bladder Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women in Iowa
Jones, R. R., Weyer, P. J., DellaValle, C. T., Inoue‐Choi, M., Anderson, K. E., Cantor, K. P., Krasner, S. W., Robien, K., Freeman, L. E. B., Silverman, D. T., et al. (2016) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp191 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“…enrollment in a small sample of the cohort indicated good reproducibility in measuring key macro- and micronutrients, including total energy intake (r = 0.51–0.67) Environmental Health Perspectives • volume 124 | number 11 | November 2016 1753 and vitamin C (r = 0.81–0.84) (Munger et al. 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialDiet and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Older Women
Chiu, B. C. ‐. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530410029029 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Bazyk, A., Olson, J. E., Sellers, T. A., Kushi, L. H., Anderson, K. E., Lazovich, D., Folsom, A. R., & Bostick, R. M. (1998) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1008886715597 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationBarrett, J. S., & Gibson, P. R. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.011 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Albanes, D., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E., Flood, A. P., Freudenheim, J. L., Giovannucci, E. L., Goldbohm, R. A., Jaceldo‐Siegl, K., et al. (2010) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djq107 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Alcohol Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults
Hvidtfeldt, U. A., Tolstrup, J. S., Jakobsen, M. U., Heitmann, B. L., Grønbæk, M., O’Reilly, É. J., Bälter, K. A., Goldbourt, U., Hallmans, G., Knekt, P., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.887513 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Hypertension, n (%) 14 388 (19) 2759 (20) 3292 (17) 3634 (18) 2246 (20) 1902 (24) 421 (27) 134 (26)”
MacIntyre, U. E., Venter, C., & Vorster, H. (2001) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn200040 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
An evaluation of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in relation to cancer occurrence
Harnack, L., Nicodemus, K. K., Jacobs, D. R., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.4.889 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationReduced risk of colon cancer with high intake of vitamin E: the Iowa Women's Health Study.
Bostick, R. M., Potter, J. D., McKenzie, D. R., Sellers, T. A., Kushi, L. H., Steinmetz, K. A., & Folsom, A. R. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationHarnack, L., Anderson, K. E., Zheng, W., FOLSOM, A. R., Sellers, T. A., & Kushi, L. H. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancers
Kasum, C. M., Jacobs, D. R., Nicodemus, K. K., et al. (2002) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.10341 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationVitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study
Robien, K., Cutler, G. J., & Lazovich, D. (2007) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-007-9020-x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“Use of this FFQ has been shown to be reasonably reliable for assessing dietary intake in the IWHS cohort [23].”
MethodAlcohol Intake and Renal Cell Cancer in a Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Studies
Lee, J. E., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Adami, H.-O., Albanes, D., Bernstein, L., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E., Cho, E., Folsom, A. R., et al. (2007) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djk181 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, D., Folsom, A. R., & Jacobs, D. R. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.4.787 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“First, although the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ used in the Iowa Women’s Health Study was evaluated in 44 study participants (29), the accuracies of heme iron, nonheme iron, or zinc were not separately examined.”
MethodSelf-citationCui, Q., Xia, Y., Wu, Q., Chang, Q., Niu, K., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1966737 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Zheng, W., Anderson, K. E., Kushi, L. H., Sellers, T. A., Greenstein, J., Hong, C. P., Cerhan, J. R., Bostick, R. M., & Folsom, A. R. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Munger, R. G., Folsom, A. R., Kushi, L. H., Kaye, S. A., & Sellers, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Munger, Ronald G.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1992-07-15
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 192-200
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W1894977589
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA39742, R01CA039742)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- food frequency questionnaire, dietary assessment, reproducibility, 24-hour dietary recall, micronutrient intake, macronutrient intake, older women, dietary supplements, iron intake, calcium intake, vitamin intake, questionnaire validation, Iowa women
- MeSH terms
- Energy Intake, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Iowa, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
