Cited by 438Cardiac Arrest and ResuscitationPatient Safety and Medication ErrorsEmergency and Acute Care Studies

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Rapid-Response Systems as a Patient Safety Strategy: A Systematic Review

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Winters, Bradford D., Weaver, Sallie J., Pfoh, Elizabeth R., Yang, Ting, Pham, Julius Cuong, Dy, Sydney M.·2013·Annals of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00009PMC PMC4695999

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Abstract

Rapid-response systems (RRSs) are a popular intervention in U.S. hospitals and are supported by accreditors and quality improvement organizations. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of these systems in acute care settings. A literature search was performed between 1 January 2000 through 30 October 2012 using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies published in any language evaluating outcome changes that occurred after implementing an RRS and differences between groups using and not using an RRS (effectiveness) or describing methods used by RRSs (implementation) were reviewed. A single reviewer (checked by a second reviewer) abstracted data and rated study quality and strength of evidence. Moderate-strength evidence from a high-quality meta-analysis of 18 studies and 26 lower-quality before-and-after studies published after that meta-analysis showed that RRSs are associated with reduced rates of cardiorespiratory arrest outside of the intensive care unit and reduced mortality. Eighteen studies examining facilitators of and barriers to implementation suggested that the rate of use of RRSs could be improved.

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Authors: Winters, B. D., Weaver, S. J., Pfoh, E. R., Yang, T., Pham, J. C., & Dy, S. M.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Winters, Bradford D.
Weaver, Sallie J.
Pfoh, Elizabeth R.
Yang, Ting
Pham, Julius Cuong
Dy, Sydney M.
Venue: Annals of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American College of Physicians
Published: 2013-03-05
Volume: 158
Issue: 5_Part_2
Pages: 417-425
ISSN: 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
1539-3704
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00009
PMC: PMC4695999
OpenAlex: W2007744576
Cited by: 438
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 11
FWCI: 8.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
Locations: Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (HHSA-290-2007-10062I)
National Cancer Institute (P30CA006973)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Keywords: rapid response system, patient safety, acute care, implementation barriers and facilitators, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, mortality reduction, hospital quality improvement
MeSH terms: Heart Arrest, Hospitals, Humans, Program Evaluation, Hospital Mortality, Hospital Costs, Safety Management, Risk Assessment, Hospital Rapid Response Team, Quality Improvement, Patient Safety

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Rapid-Response Systems as a Patient Safety Strategy: A Systematic Review

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