Studies on “essential” hypertension. V. An endocrine hypertensive syndrome

Abstract

Article1 March 1954STUDIES ON "ESSENTIAL" HYPERTENSION. V. AN ENDOCRINE HYPERTENSIVE SYNDROMEHENRY A. SCHROEDER, M.D., F.A.C.P., DEAN F. DAVIES, Ph.D., M.D.HENRY A. SCHROEDER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, DEAN F. DAVIES, Ph.D., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-40-3-516 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere is no evidence that so-called "essential" hypertension is a single disease. In fact, the varied clinical picture strongly suggests that it is merely a syndrome caused by several pathogenetic mechanisms, in which a common predisposition and a common pathologic sequence of events have obscured essential differences between types. This belief has afforded the opportunity for a critical analysis of patients in order to observe and evaluate significant differences, and to attempt to discover objective diagnostic procedures.Four types of arterial hypertension have been delineated and described.1There is the variety in which renal factors, especially organic renal parenchymal disease,...Bibliography1. SchroederSteele HAJM: Studies on "essential" hypertension. I. Classification, Arch. Int. Med. 64: 927, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. SchroederSteele HAJM: Studies on "essential" hypertension. II. The association of hypertension with organic renal disease, Arch. Int. Med. 68: 261, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. SchroederFish HAGW: Studies on "essential" hypertension. III. The effect of nephrectomy upon hypertension associated with organic renal disease, Am. J. M. Sc. 199: 601, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Schroeder HA: Studies on "essential" hypertension. IV. Early arterial hypertension, Am. J. M. Sc. 204: 62, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. SchroederGoldman HAML: A test for the presence of the "hypertensive diencephalic syndrome" using histamine, Am. J. Med. 6: 162, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SchroederGoldmanFutcherHunter HAMLPHM: Low sodium chloride diets in hypertension, J. A. M. A. 140: 458, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. BoasShapiro EPS (a) : Diastolic hypertension with increased metabolic rate, J. A. M. A. 84: 1558, 1925. (b) Boas, E. P., and Shapiro, S.: Further observations on patients with essential hypertension and increased basal metabolic rate, Am. Heart J. 116: 43, 1926. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. Schaeffer RL: Menopausal hypertension, Endocrinology 19: 705, 1935. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. Herrick WW: Hypertension and hyperglycemia, J. A. M. A. 81: 1942, 1923. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. DaviesClark DFHE: Electrolyte concentration of sweat as a differential diagnostic test in hypertension, Am. J. Physiol. 159: 566, 1949. Google Scholar11. DaviesClark DFHE: A hypertensive syndrome with relative adrenal cortical overactivity, Circulation 2: 494, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. SchroederDaviesClark HADFHE: A syndrome of hypertension, obesity, menstrual irregularities and evidence of adrenal cortical hyperfunction, J. Lab. and Clin. Med. 34: 1746, 1949. Google Scholar13. Smith HL: The relationship of the weight of the heart to the weight of the body and of the weight of the heart to age, Am. Heart J. 4: 79, 1928. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. Sheldon JH: Maternal obesity, Lancet 2: 869 (Nov. 12) 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. Allen ED: The glycosurias of pregnancy, Am. J. Obst. and Gynec. 38: 982, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar16. Sheldon JH: Personal communication. Google Scholar17. Simpson SL: Adrenal hyperfunction and function, Bull. New York Acad. Med. 27: 723, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar18. AlvarezZimmerman WCA: Blood pressure in women as influenced by the sexual organs, Arch. Int. Med. 37: 597, 1926. CrossrefGoogle Scholar19. Williams RH: Hyperadrenocorticism, Am. J. Med. 10: 612, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar20. HartmanBrownell FAKA: The adrenal gland, 1949, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 394. Google Scholar21. SofferGabriloveJacobs LJJLM: Further studies with the salt tolerance test in normal individuals and in patients with adrenal cortical hyperfunction, J. Clin. Investigation 28: 1091, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar22. Selye H: Textbook of endocrinology, 1947, Acta Endocrinologica, Montreal, p. 184. Google Scholar23. GoldmanKrissSchroederDavies MLJTHADF: The relation of the kidney to the acute pressor action of desoxycorticosterone, Am. J. M. Sc. 222: 257, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar24. RussiBlumenthalGray SHTSH: Small adenomas of the adrenal cortex in hypertension and diabetes, Arch. Int. Med. 76: 284, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar25. RaganDemartiniLamont-HaversJessarVaillancourtGrokolst CFRRADAW: A critical appraisal of current therapy in rheumatoid arthritis, Bull. New York Acad. Med. 28: 493, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar26. Conn JW: Electrolyte composition of sweat, Arch. Int. Med. 83: 416, 1949. CrossrefGoogle Scholar27. SofferSesnickSorkinSobot