Thyroxine Transport and Metabolism in Methadone and Heroin Addicts
Abstract
The chronic use of methadone or heroin results in various abnormalities in the transport and peripheral metabolism of thyroxine (T4). An increase in the thyroxine-binding capacity of the thyroxine-binding globulin and in the serum concentrations of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) may be found in methadone and heroin addicts. In the heroin addicts these changes are accompanied by a decrease in the fractional turnover rate of T4; in patients receiving methadone the turnover rate is normal. Despite these abnormalities, serum free T4 concentrations and total T4 degradation rates were within the normal range of values, and the patients were clinically euthyroid. The causes of these changes remain obscure, probably because of the multiple effects these drugs have on various physiological processes.
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With the exception of estrogen, drugs that increase TBG have either not been associated with altered TSH or were shown in case reports only.
“With the exception of estrogen, these drugs have either not been associated with an altered TSH (202-207), or were shown in case reports only (208).”
From Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement (2014) · cites this paper as [205]
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- Authors
- AZIZI, F., VAGENAKIS, A. G., PORTNAY, G. I., BRAVERMAN, L. E., & INGBAR, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Boston, Massachusetts, and San Francisco, California
- Corresponding author
- AZIZI, FEREIDOUN
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 1974-02-01
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 194-199
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W2000890057
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- thyroxine, methadone, heroin, opioid use disorder, thyroxine-binding globulin, thyroxine-binding capacity, triiodothyronine, thyroxine turnover, thyroid hormone metabolism, euthyroidism, drug effects on thyroid function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biological Transport, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Methadone, Poisoning, Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated, Serum Globulins, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Thyroxine-Binding Proteins, Substance-Related Disorders
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