The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Because psychological approaches are likely to produce sustained benefits without the risk for tolerance or adverse effects associated with pharmacologic approaches, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) is now commonly recommended as first-line treatment for chronic insomnia. PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of CBT-i on diary measures of overnight sleep in adults with chronic insomnia. DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed Clinical Queries from inception to 31 March 2015, supplemented with manual screening. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized, controlled trials assessing the efficacy of face-to-face, multimodal CBT-i compared with inactive comparators on overnight sleep in adults with chronic insomnia. Studies of insomnia comorbid with medical, sleep, or psychiatric disorders were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Study characteristics, quality, and data were assessed independently by 2 reviewers. Main outcome measures were sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE%). DATA SYNTHESIS: Among 292 citations and 91 full-text articles reviewed, 20 studies (1162 participants [64% female; mean age, 56 years]) were included. Approaches to CBT-i incorporated at least 3 of the following: cognitive therapy, stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep hygiene, and relaxation. At the posttreatment time point, SOL improved by 19.03 (95% CI, 14.12 to 23.93) minutes, WASO improved by 26.00 (CI, 15.48 to 36.52) minutes, TST improved by 7.61 (CI, -0.51 to 15.74) minutes, and SE% improved by 9.91% (CI, 8.09% to 11.73%). Changes seemed to be sustained at later time points. No adverse outcomes were reported. LIMITATION: Narrow inclusion criteria limited applicability to patients with comorbid insomnia and other sleep problems, and accuracy of estimates at later time points was less clear. CONCLUSION: CBT-i is an effective treatment for adults with chronic insomnia, with clinically meaningful effect sizes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42012002863).
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In the citing paper
“cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia [CBT-i]), have become first-line therapies for the treatment of insomnia due to their relative efficacy and clinically meaningful effect sizes (Trauer, Qian, Doyle, Rajaratnam, & Cunnington, 2015).”
From Can Mindfulness Mechanistically Target Worry to Improve Sleep Disturbances? Theory and Study Protocol for App-Based Anxiety Program. (2020) · cites this paper as Trauer, Qian, Doyle, Rajaratnam, & Cunnington, 2015
In the citing paper
“In patients with insomnia without psychiatric comorbidity, CBT-I is highly effective for the improvement of self-rated insomnia severity and several other sleep parameters like for example sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset [9], including daytime symptoms [10].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“In this meta-analysis, the effect sizes for insomnia severity in patients with comorbidity were moderate to large and therefore comparable to those found in patients with primary insomnia [9].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“BBT-I has proven similarly effective as the complete program for patients with primary insomnia, somatic comorbidity, or minor psychiatric comorbidity [8].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Trauer, J. M., Qian, M. Y., Doyle, J. S., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., & Cunnington, D.
- Affiliations
- Burnet Institute (AU)
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 2015-08-04
- Volume
- 163
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 191-204
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W1937224863
- Cited by
- 1,053
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 8.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, chronic insomnia, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep restriction, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, relaxation training
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Relaxation Therapy, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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