Prevalence and risk factors of burnout syndrome among Spanish police officers
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Police work is currently one of the most stressful occupations. High levels of stress can culminate in suffering the burnout syndrome. This syndrome is characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment. Police officers, despite being a risk group, have been investigated less than other professional groups. The objectives of the current work are to estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in police officers, to present a classification of the syndrome and to identify some risk factors (socio-demographic, personality, and work-related). METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 747 national police officers from Andalucía (Spain). RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout is high. Furthermore, individual differences, and in particular, personality factors, are important to explain the development of burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Police officers are a risk group and, therefore, actions aimed at reducing the levels of burnout among these professionals should be developed.
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Gutshall et al. (2017) found moderate burnout levels for American police officers, whereas Solana et al. (2013) found high levels of burnout for Spanish police officers.
“However, Gutshall et al. (2017) found moderate burnout levels for American police officers, whereas Solana et al. (2013) found high levels of burnout for Spanish police officers.”
From Burnout and Stress Measurement in Police Officers: Literature Review and a Study With the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (2020) · cites this paper as Solana et al., 2013
Approximately one third of police officers meet criteria for burnout syndrome.
“It is estimated that approximately one third of police officers meet criteria for burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, despersonalization, and low personal accomplishment) [22].”
Having children was associated with lower personal accomplishment.
“Having children was experienced by police officers as associated with lower personal accomplishment (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013)”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
Work shifts and overtime work are not significantly associated with burnout.
“However, in four studies, work shifts and overtime work were not significantly associated with burnout (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013; Martinussen et al., 2007; Medina, 2007; Richardsen et al., 2006).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
Years of service contribute to increased burnout.
“In six studies, years of service contributed to increased burnout (Burke and Mikkelsen, 2006; De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013; Fedorenko et al., 2020; Garbarino et al., 2013; Medina, 2007; Miller et al., 2017).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
No significant relationship exists between rank/leadership and burnout.
“Only one study found no significant relationship (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
Rotating work shifts increase exhaustion and depersonalisation.
“Rotating work shifts were found to increase exhaustion and depersonalisation (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
Work-post has no association with burnout.
“The second study found no associations with burnout (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
Agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness are negatively associated with burnout in police officers.
“Whereas, four studies reported negative associations between agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness with burnout (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013; Garbarino et al., 2013; Medina, 2007; Mostert and Roth mann, 2006).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
Neuroticism is a consistent risk factor for burnout in police officers.
“Neuroticism was found to be a consistent risk factor for burnout (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013; Farf ´ an et al., 2019; Garbarino et al., 2013; Hills and Norvell, 1991; Medina, 2007; Mostert and Rothmann, 2006).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013
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References 6 · Cited by 70
- Authors
- De la Fuente Solana, E., Aguayo Extremera, R., Vargas Pecino, C., & Cañadas de la Fuente, G.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Granada
- Venue
- Psicothema
- Publisher
- Grupo Editorial Psicofundación
- Published
- 2013-11-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 488-493
- ISSN
- 0214-9915 (ISSN-L)
- 1886-144X
- OpenAlex
- W2161543632
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psicothema (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Emotional Labor in Professions
- Keywords
- burnout, police officers, occupational stress, prevalence, risk factors, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, personality factors, Spanish police
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Personality, Personality Inventory, Risk Factors, Sexual Partners, Socioeconomic Factors, Spain, Prevalence, Police
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