CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 699HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV, Drug Use, Sexual RiskHIV/AIDS Impact and Responses

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 121 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV‐related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: how far have we come?

Open access
Stangl, Anne L, Lloyd, Jennifer K, Brady, Laura M, Holland, Claire E, Baral, Stefan·2013·Journal of the International AIDS Society
DOI 10.7448/ias.16.3.18734PMC PMC3833106
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Introduction: HIV‐related stigma and discrimination continue to hamper efforts to prevent new infections and engage people in HIV treatment, care and support programmes. The identification of effective interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination that can be integrated into national responses is crucial to the success of the global AIDS response. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies and reports that assessed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination between 1 January 2002 and 1 March 2013. Databases searched for peer‐reviewed articles included PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO Host –CINAHL Plus, Psycinfo, Ovid, Sociofile and Popline. Reports were obtained from the www.HIVAIDSClearinghouse.eu, USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse, UNESCO HIV and AIDS Education Clearinghouse, Google, WHO and UNAIDS. Ancestry searches for articles included in the systematic review were also conducted. Studies of any design that sought to reduce stigma as a primary or secondary objective and included pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of stigma were included. Results: Of 2368 peer‐reviewed articles and reports identified, 48 were included in our review representing 14 different target populations in 28 countries. The majority of interventions utilized two or more strategies to reduce stigma and discrimination, and ten included structural or biomedical components. However, most interventions targeted a single socio‐ecological level and a single domain of stigma. Outcome measures lacked uniformity and validity, making both interpretation and comparison of study results difficult. While the majority of studies were effective at reducing the aspects of stigma they measured, none assessed the influence of stigma or discrimination reduction on HIV‐related health outcomes. Conclusions: Our review revealed considerable progress in the stigma‐reduction field. However, critical challenges and gaps remain which are impeding the identification of effective stigma‐reduction strategies that can be implemented by national governments on a larger scale. The development, validation, and consistent use of globally relevant scales of stigma and discrimination are a critical next step for advancing the field of research in this area. Studies comparing the effectiveness of different stigma‐reduction strategies and studies assessing the influence of stigma reduction on key behavioural and biomedical outcomes are also needed to maximize biomedical prevention efforts.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.7448/ias.16.3.18734

Cites

121 of 121 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Flowchart of search strategy.
Figure 1 Flowchart of search strategy.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Domains and levels targeted and approaches employed in the 48 studies.
Figure 2 Domains and levels targeted and approaches employed in the 48 studies.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 121 references

Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. PEPFAR, 2012, PEPFAR blueprint: creating an AIDS‐Free generation
  2. StanglA GoV ZelayaC BradyL NybladeL Stackpool‐MooreL et al.Enabling the scale‐up of efforts to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination: a new framework to inform program implementation and measurement.XVIII International AIDS Conference July 18–23. Vienna;2010.
  3. Hong KT, 2004, Because this is the disease of the century: understanding HIV and AIDS‐related stigma and discrimination, 1
  4. UNAIDS, 2005, HIV‐related stigma, discrimination and human rights violations
  5. UNAIDS, IPPF, 2004, A brief report of the IPPF and UNAIDS Joint Consultative Meeting on PLWA rights index
  6. UNAIDS, 2006, Courting rights: case studies in litigation the human rights of people living with HIV
  7. Adam BD, hivstigma, 26, 795
  8. Nyblade L, 2008, Communities confront HIV stigma in Viet Nam: participatory interventions reduce HIV‐related stigma in two provinces, 1
  9. Lakshmi MG, 2013, Impact of psycho‐education on stigma in people living with HIV/AIDS, Int J Soc Sci Tomorrow, 2, 1
  10. Apinundecha C, 2007, A community participation intervention to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeast Thailand, 19, 1157
  11. UNAIDS, 2007, Reducing stigma and discrimination: a critical part of National AIDS Programmes
  12. UNAIDS, 2010, Making the law work for the HIV response: country snapshot. The International Planned Parenthood Federation, the Global Network of People living with HIV, the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, the International Harm Reduction Association, and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
  13. UNAIDS, 2012, Global report: UNAIDS report on the Global AIDS epidemic

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 699

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Stangl, A. L., Lloyd, J. K., Brady, L. M., Holland, C. E., & Baral, S.
Affiliations
  • International Center for Research on Women (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Stangl, Anne L
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-11
Volume
16
Issue
3S2
Pages
18734-18734
ISSN
1758-2652 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.7448/ias.16.3.18734
PMC
PMC3833106
OpenAlex
W2038136417
Cited by
698
References
121
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 3
FWCI
5.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Department for International Development
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
Keywords
HIV stigma, HIV discrimination, stigma reduction interventions, HIV prevention, HIV treatment engagement, stigma measurement scale, biomedical HIV prevention
MeSH terms
Discrimination, Psychological, Humans, HIV Infections, Social Stigma

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review