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Functional Connections of Cortical Areas: A New View from the Thalamus
Abstract
Two leading authorities on thalamocortical connections consider how the neural circuits of the brain relate to our actions and perceptions. In this book, two leading authorities on the thalamus and its relationship to cortex build on their earlier findings to arrive at new ways of thinking about how the brain relates to the world, to cognition, and behavior. Based on foundations established earlier in their book Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function, the authors consider the implications of these ground rules for thalamic inputs, thalamocortical connections, and cortical outputs. The authors argue that functional and structural analyses of pathways connecting thalamus and cortex point beyond these to lower centers and through them to the body and the world. Each cortical area depends on the messages linking it to body and world. These messages relate to the way we act and think; each cortical area receives thalamic inputs and has outputs to motor centers. Sherman and Guillery go on to discuss such topics as the role of branching axons that carry motor instructions as well as copies of these motor instructions for relay to cortex under the control of the thalamic gate. This gate allows the thalamus to control the passage of information on the basis of which cortex relates to the rest of the nervous system.
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“Moreover, the involvement of the thalamus is often interpreted in predictive coding terms: the thalamus might help compare cortical predictions with incoming signals, or gate the precision of ascending sensory data (29) (Figure 2).”
From Predictive coding and neurocomputational psychiatry: a mechanistic framework for understanding mental disorders (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
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Items 101–140 of 140
Stone, J. L., Selner, A. N., & Patel, V. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23383-3_1 · Cited by 1
Cell Types in the Thalamus and Cortex
Usrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Self-citationLeaver, A. M., Chen, Y. J., & Parrish, T. B. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.23292557 · Cited by 1
“The mediodorsal subnuclei of the thalamus primarily communicate with prefrontal cortex, and are thought to modulate cortico-cortical communication (Sherman and Guillery, 2013) to support various cognitive functions including associative learning, decision making, and others (Mitchell, 2015; Pergola…”
Attentional cueing effects are reversed during locomotionPreprint
Djebbara, Z., Huynh, D., Koselevs, A., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5781394/v1 · Cited by 1
Peterson, J. K. (2016) · Cognitive science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-871-7_20
Mapping and Lesioning the Living Brain
Rutten, G.-J. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54633-9_6
Is Neuroscience Compatible with a Belief in God? A Perspective from the Thalamus
Vukadinovic, Z. (2017) · Archives of Neuroscience · doi:10.5812/archneurosci.57105
“The inputs to the thalamus can be subdivided into two categories, driver and modulator (4, 5).”
BackgroundMassé, I. O., Bronchti, G., & Boire, D. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/515262
Corticothalamic Circuits Linking Sensation and Action
Usrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0013
Self-citationUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0007
Self-citationClassification of Thalamocortical and Corticothalamic Motifs
Usrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0009
Self-citationUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0003
Self-citationBrief Overview of Cortical Organization
Usrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0008
Self-citationParallel Processing of Sensory Signals to Cortex
Usrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0011
Self-citationThalamocortical Substrates of Attention
Usrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0012
Self-citationFirst and Higher Order Thalamic Relays
Usrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0006 · Cited by 1
Self-citationUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0004
Self-citationUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0001
Self-citationUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.003.0014
Self-citationDeep Predictive Learning in Neocortex and PulvinarPreprint
O’Reilly, R. C., Russin, J., Zolfaghar, M., et al. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.14800
“Figure 1 shows the thalamocortical circuits characterized by Sherman and Guillery (2006; see also Usrey & Sherman, 2018; Sherman & Guillery, 2013), which have two distinct projections converging on the principal TRCs of the pulvinar, D ow nloaded from http://direct.m…”
BackgroundKoster, K. P., & Sherman, S. M. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.584958
Self-citationSampathkumar, V., Koster, K. P., Carroll, B. J., Sherman, S. M., & Kasthuri, N. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16538
“These features are also seen in L5 innervation of thalamus (Sherman & Guillery, 2013; Usrey & Sherman, 2019, 2021).”
InfluentialSelf-citationSerotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe regulate visual attentionPreprint
Lehnert, J., Cha, K., Forestell, J., Yang, K., Ma, X., Britt, J. P., Khadra, A., Cook, E. P., & Krishnaswamy, A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.29.615662
“In mice, 5HT receptors expressed by V1 pyramidal cells and their LGN inputs (depressive 5HTR1 types 29,42–44 ) along with those expressed by V1 interneurons (stimulatory 5HT2a 24,27,45 ) predict a net inhibitory effect for of 5HT.”
BackgroundUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.002.0004
Self-citationUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.002.0006
Self-citationUsrey, W. M., & Sherman, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197503874.002.0003
Self-citationVisual field specializations in mouse dLGNPreprint
Cha, K., Olguin, A. G. R., Sharif‐Naeini, R., Cook, E. P., & Krishnaswamy, A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.03.631238
“The dLGN is the sole link between the retina and V1 33,34 and its neurons are strongly driven by the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) – retinal neurons comprising ~50 different types that encode unique features such as motion or edges 35–38 .”
InfluentialIchikawa, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2025.1560972
Nakamura, Y., Usami, K., Yamanaka, H., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09456-3
Sherman, S. M., & Usrey, W. M. (2025) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.70313
“There are two relevant observations (Casagrande and Xu 2004; Sherman and Guillery 2013; Usrey and Sherman 2021; Usrey and Sherman 2022): like cat W cells and monkey koniocel-lular cells, the shell projection to cortex primarily targets layers 2/3; and there is a large projection from the superior…”
Self-citationHierarchical binding of cognition to action in the human basal ganglia–thalamic circuitPreprint
London, D., Soula, M., Pan, L., Pourfar, M., Mogilner, A. Y., & Kiani, R. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.703559 · Cited by 1
Deurwaerdère, P. D., Haywood, K., Abela, N., Casarrubea, M., & Giovanni, G. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1798364
“…nucleus accumbens and striatum (NAc and STR) implicated reward processing (Haber and Knutson, 2010); thalamus (TH) serving as an integrative relay (Sherman and Guillery, 2013); amygdala (Am) regulating emotional salience (Janak and Tye, 2015); dorsal and ventral hippocampus (dHP and vHP)…”
Layer-specific attentional modulation in the human primary somatosensory cortex
Kim, D., Han, S., Kim, S., Eun, S., Kang, M.-S., Woo, C., & Kim, S. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71842-w
Coexistence of explosive and driven forms of remote synchronization in star networks
Anonymous (2026) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/wysx-f9l3 · Cited by 2
Martino, M. R., Baek, J., Francis, M. J., Pagoota, B. E., Tsyrulnikov, A., Paniccia, J. E., Clarke, R. E., Manusky, L. M., Smith, A. C. W., & Otis, J. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1866792
“Whereas primary thalamic nuclei relay sensory information, higher-order regions are characterized by cortico-thalamo-cortical loops (Sherman and Guillery, 2013) and are implicated in integrative as well as other higher order cognitive processes (Halassa and Kastner, 2017).”
RIFT: A Fractal-Holographic Theory of Consciousness and Autopoietic Control
Bieberich, E. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16090983
Thalamocortical correlates of sleep spindle and slow oscillation dysfunction in Lewy body disordersPreprint
Matar, E., Anderson, J., Churchill, L., Konuri, A., Ignatavicius, A., Cho, G., Lam, A. K. F., Naismith, S. L., D'Rozario, A. L., Grunstein, R., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10904079/v1
Development of Thalamo‐Telencephalic Circuits in a Reptile
Pritz, M. B. (2026) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.70203
“Together, these thalamo-telencephalic interconnections significantly influence an animal’s behavior (Sherman and Guillery 2013 ).”
Grigoryan, G. A., & Balaban, P. M. (2026) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2026.105967
Metadata
- Authors
- Sherman, S. M., & Guillery, R. W.
- ORCID
- Sherman, S. Murray
- Venue
- The MIT Press eBooks
- Publisher
- The MIT Press
- Published
- 2013-08-09
- OpenAlex
- W4251156383
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The MIT Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- thalamocortical connections, thalamus, cerebral cortex, thalamic input, motor pathways, neural circuits, perception, cognition, behavior
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