Experiencias e impacto psicosocial en niños y niñas soldado de la guerra civil de El Salvador.
Open accessAbstract
Se realizó una investigación con 293 personas que participaron durante su infancia como niños soldados del Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) y la Fuerza Armada de El Salvador (FAES) en la guerra civil en El Salvador, con el fin de explorar sus condiciones actuales de vida y el impacto que la guerra les pudo haber causado.Las autoras encontraron que, en términos psicosociales y luego de casi diez años de firmados los acuerdos de paz, los efectos de los que se puede dar cuenta a partir de los resultados de la investigación se articulan en torno a la presencia de indicadores de alteración emocional.No obstante, los hallazgos sugieren que sus condiciones actuales de vida y su situación de marginación social son un factor que incide en el nivel de impacto y pone en riesgo su adaptación al medio familiar, comunitario y social.Palabras clave: niños soldados, guerra civil, impacto psicosocial, exclusión y marginación social. Experiences and psychosocial effect among soldier child during the civil war in El SalvadorExploratory research with 293 excombatants who participated as child soldiers in the El Salvador civil war as FMLN (Marti Front for National Liberation) members or as Armed Forces soldiers was conducted to examine their current living conditions and the impact of past military experience.Although nearly ten years have passed since the peace accords were signed, the excombatant exhibited signs of emotional disturbance.Current underprivileged living conditions and social marginalization were decisive factors which inhibited reentry into civilian life and constituted an important psychosocial impact by placing at risk their integration at the family, community and society levels.Key words: child soldiers, civil war, psychosocial impact, social exclusion and marginalization.Si bien todo conflicto bélico deja a su paso una estela de consecuencias que repercuten en la subjetividad de las personas que forman parte de una sociedad, estas secuelas alcanzan grandes proporciones si, como en el caso de El Salvador, hablamos de una guerra civil que subvirtió por más de una década las bases mismas del cuerpo social y de los grupos más vulnerables que la componen.Entre éstos, los niños y niñas sufrieron las repercusiones más profundas, pues, por lo general, contaron con escasos recursos materiales o psicosociales para afrontar esa realidad.Este fue el caso, sobre todo, de quienes experimentaron en carne propia la guerra civil salvadoreña a través de su intervención activa en ella como 'niños y niñas soldado', un hecho que no sólo violó sus derechos más fundamentales, sino que facilitó su explotación con propósitos políticos, los expuso directamente a los estragos de la guerra y los sumergió de lleno en la violencia (1).Esto al margen de arrebatarles incluso los pocos elementos de los que podrían haber echado mano para enfrentarla de mejor forma, tales como su familia, amigos e, incluso, su comunidad.
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A number of studies suggest that the degree to which community support increases over time plays an important ameliorative role for conflict- and war-affected children.
“A number of studies suggest that the degree to which community support increases over time plays an important ameliorative role for conflict- and war-affected children.16,97,101,102”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [102]
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- Authors
- Santacruz, M. L., & Arana, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas (SV)
- Venue
- Biomédica
- Published
- 2002-12-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 0
- Pages
- 383
- ISSN
- 0120-4157 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990031821
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- es
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biomédica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Conflict, Peace, and Violence in Colombia
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- child soldiers, Salvadoran civil war, psychosocial impact, social marginalization, social exclusion, emotional disturbance, reintegration into civilian life, FMLN, peace agreements, living conditions, post-conflict consequences, El Salvador, Central America, Latin America, children's rights
- MeSH terms
- Child, Psychology, Child, El Salvador, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Sociology, Warfare
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