Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration

Betancourt, Theresa Stichick; Borisova, Ivelina Ivanova; Williams, Timothy Philip; Brennan, Robert T; Whitfield, Theodore H; De La Soudiere, Marie; Williamson, John; Gilman, Stephen E

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.x

Cited by 269Conflict, Peace, and Violence in ColombiaChild Abuse and TraumaPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration

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Betancourt, Theresa Stichick, Borisova, Ivelina Ivanova, Williams, Timothy Philip, Brennan, Robert T, Whitfield, Theodore H, De La Soudiere, Marie, Williamson, John, Gilman, Stephen E·2010·Child Development

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.xPMC PMC2921972

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Abstract

This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10–18; n = 156, 12% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had higher levels of anxiety and hostility but also demonstrated greater confidence and prosocial attitudes at follow-up. Of the potential protective resources examined, improved community acceptance was associated with reduced depression at follow-up and improved confidence and prosocial attitudes regardless of levels of violence exposure. Retention in school was also associated with greater prosocial attitudes.

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Authors: Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I. I., Williams, T. P., Brennan, R. T., Whitfield, T. H., De La Soudiere, M., Williamson, J., & Gilman, S. E.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Independent Biostatistics Consultant
Independent Consultant, UNICEF
United States Agency for International Development (US)
Corresponding author: Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
ORCID: Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
Williams, Timothy Philip
Brennan, Robert T
Gilman, Stephen E
Venue: Child Development
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2010-07-01
Volume: 81
Issue: 4
Pages: 1077-1095
ISSN: 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
1467-8624
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.x
PMC: PMC2921972
OpenAlex: W1547838594
Cited by: 269
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 69.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 14 d)
Locations: Child Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: United States Agency for International Development
McLean Hospital
National Institutes of Health (5p60md002261-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH077246)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60-MD-002261)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Conflict, Peace, and Violence in Colombia
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: former child soldiers, Sierra Leone civil war, psychosocial adjustment, community reintegration, rape victims, violence exposure, hostility, depression, anxiety, prosocial attitudes, confidence, community acceptance, school retention, risk and protective factors, gender differences
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Child, Psychology, Child, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hostility, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Military Personnel, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Sierra Leone, Social Adjustment, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence, Warfare

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Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration

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