Torcal, Mariano

Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory After the Third Wave of Democratization*

Mainwaring, S., & Torcal, M. (2006) · Handbook of Party Politics

Electoral Systems and Political ParticipationPolitical Conflict and Governance

Cited by 565

Affective Polarisation in Times of Political Instability and Conflict. Spain from a Comparative Perspective

Torcal, M., & Comellas, J. M. (2022) · South European Society and Politics

Electoral Systems and Political ParticipationPopulism, Right-Wing Movements

Cited by 101

The Incumbent Electoral Defeat in the 2011 Spanish National Elections: The Effect of the Economic Crisis in an Ideological Polarized Party System

Torcal, M. (2014) · Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties

Electoral Systems and Political ParticipationSpanish History and Politics

Cited by 65

Ideological identity, issue‐based ideology and bipolar affective polarization in multiparty systems: The cases of Argentina, Chile, Italy, Portugal and Spain

Comellas, J. M., & Torcal, M. (2023) · Electoral Studies

Electoral Systems and Political ParticipationPopulism, Right-Wing Movements

Cited by 57

Social trust and affective polarization in Spain (2014–19)

Torcal, M., & Thomson, Z. A. (2023) · Electoral Studies

Electoral Systems and Political ParticipationSocial Capital and Networks

Cited by 40