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Absolute Risk of Suicide After First Hospital Contact in Mental Disorder
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Estimates of lifetime risk of suicide in mental disorders were based on selected samples with incomplete follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To estimate, in a national cohort, the absolute risk of suicide within 36 years after the first psychiatric contact. DESIGN: Prospective study of incident cases followed up for as long as 36 years. Median follow-up was 18 years. SETTING: Individual data drawn from Danish longitudinal registers. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 176,347 persons born from January 1, 1955, through December 31, 1991, were followed up from their first contact with secondary mental health services after 15 years of age until death, emigration, disappearance, or the end of 2006. For each participant, 5 matched control individuals were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Absolute risk of suicide in percentage of individuals up to 36 years after the first contact. RESULTS: Among men, the absolute risk of suicide (95% confidence interval [CI]) was highest for bipolar disorder, (7.77%; 6.01%-10.05%), followed by unipolar affective disorder (6.67%; 5.72%-7.78%) and schizophrenia (6.55%; 5.85%-7.34%). Among women, the highest risk was found among women with schizophrenia (4.91%; 95% CI, 4.03%-5.98%), followed by bipolar disorder (4.78%; 3.48%-6.56%). In the nonpsychiatric population, the risk was 0.72% (95% CI, 0.61%-0.86%) for men and 0.26% (0.20%-0.35%) for women. Comorbid substance abuse and comorbid unipolar affective disorder significantly increased the risk. The co-occurrence of deliberate self-harm increased the risk approximately 2-fold. Men with bipolar disorder and deliberate self-harm had the highest risk (17.08%; 95% CI, 11.19%-26.07%). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first analysis of the absolute risk of suicide in a total national cohort of individuals followed up from the first psychiatric contact, and it represents, to our knowledge, the hitherto largest sample with the longest and most complete follow-up. Our estimates are lower than those most often cited, but they are still substantial and indicate the continuous need for prevention of suicide among people with mental disorders.
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“First, suicidal behavior is found in many psychiatric disorders and not just in mood disorders and borderline personality disorder, where it is part of the diagnostic symptom list.”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Second, only a minority of psychiatric patients make suicide attempts, and the presence or absence of suicidal behavior is not simply determined by the presence of a psychiatric illness or the overall severity of illness (12-14).”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Second, only a minority of psychiatric patients make suicide attempts, and the presence or absence of suicidal behavior is not simply determined by the presence of a psychiatric illness or the overall severity of illness (12-14).”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
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Comparative Analysis of Suicide, Accidental, and Undetermined Cause of Death Classification
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“…rate ratios (MRRs) are high for almost all causes (Laursen et al. 2007; Osborn et al. 2007; Wahlbeck et al. 2011), especially for suicide (Laursen et al. 2007; Nordentoft et al. 2011), but most of the excess mortality is explained by physical disorders (Laursen et al. 2007; Hoang et al. 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationAssociation of ECT With Risks of All-Cause Mortality and Suicide in Older Medicare Patients
Rhee, T. G., Sint, K., Olfson, M., Gerhard, T., Busch, S. H., & Wilkinson, S. T. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21040351 · Cited by 68
Nabi, Z., Stansfeld, J. L., Plöderl, M., Wood, L., & Moncrieff, J. (2022) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s204579602200049x · Cited by 72
“5% of those diagnosed with unipolar depression (Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDeterminants and Outcomes of Suicidal Behavior Among Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Lundberg, J., Cars, T., Lampa, E., Selling, K. E., Levál, A., Gannedahl, A., Själin, M., Björkholm, C., & Hellner, C. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2833 · Cited by 69
Heart rate variability and suicidal behavior
Wilson, S. T., Chesin, M. S., Fertuck, E. A., Keilp, J. G., Brodsky, B. S., Mann, J. J., Sönmez, C. C., Benjamin-Phillips, C. A., & Stanley, B. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.033 · Cited by 66
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Augmentation with antidepressants in schizophrenia treatment: benefit or risk
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“Depression is significantly related to a decrease in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia,(29) and it is known to increase the risk of suicide in patients with schizophrenia.(16,18,19) The diagnosis of depression in schizophrenia can be quite complex.”
BackgroundClements, C., Morriss, R. K., Jones, S. H., Peters, S., Roberts, C., & Kapur, N. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000329 · Cited by 67
“In a study of absolute risk of suicide after hospital contact for mental disorder, Nordentoft et al. (2011) followed up individuals over 36 years and found that the highest risk was among men with BD: 8% died by suicide during the follow-up period.”
BackgroundMental Health in Allergic Rhinitis: Depression and Suicidal Behavior
Amritwar, A., Lowry, C. A., Brenner, L. A., Hoisington, A. J., Stiller, J. W., Hamilton, R. G., & Postolache, T. T. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Allergy · doi:10.1007/s40521-017-0110-z · Cited by 71
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“The lifetime risk of suicide is estimated to be 4% in patients with mood disorders (103) , 7% in people with alcohol dependence (104) , 8% in people with bipolar disorder (105, 106) , and 5% in people with schizophrenia (107) .”
BackgroundNilsson, S. F., Hjorthøj, C. R., Erlangsen, A., & Nordentoft, M. (2013) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt025 · Cited by 62
Self-citationRisk factors for suicide among 34,671 patients with psychotic and non-psychotic severe depression
Leadholm, A., Rothschild, A. J., Nielsen, J., Bech, P., & Østergaard, S. D. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.003 · Cited by 65
Zaheer, J., Olfson, M., Mallia, E., Lam, J. S. H., de Oliveira, C., Rudoler, D., Carvalho, A. F., Jacob, B. J., Juda, A., & Kurdyak, P. A. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.025 · Cited by 62
Heterogeneity and Polygenicity in Psychiatric Disorders: A Genome-Wide Perspective
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Self-citationIncidence and predictors of suicide attempts in bipolar I and II disorders: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Pallaskorpi, S. K., Suominen, K. H., Ketokivi, M. A., Valtonen, H., Arvilommi, P., Mantere, O., Leppämäki, S., & Isometsä, E. T. (2017) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12464 · Cited by 60
“Furthermore, we investigated (2) whether comorbid anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, cluster B or C personality disorders, younger age, or female sex would increase the risk of SAs during MDEs.”
BackgroundNot Just Depressed: Bipolar Disorder Prediction on Reddit
Sekulić, I., Gjurković, M., & Šnajder, J. (2018) · Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis (WASSA) · doi:10.18653/v1/w18-6211 · Cited by 58
“The suicide rate in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder is more than 6% (Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPhysical compared to mental diseases as reasons for committing suicide: a retrospective study
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“Psychiatric disorders are estimated to be responsible for a large proportion of suicides (up to 70–100 %) [6, 7].”
BackgroundValue of schizophrenia treatment I: The patient journey
Mohr, P., Galderisi, S., Boyer, P., Wasserman, D., Arteel, P., Ieven, A., Kärkkäinen, H., Pereira, E., Guldemond, N., Winkler, P., et al. (2018) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.06.007 · Cited by 58
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“Background Suicide is a significant problem in schizophrenia and suicide attempts (SA) are common [1-3].”
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Barbeito, S., Vega, P., Sánchez‐Gutiérrez, T., Becerra‐García, J. A., González-Pinto, A. M., & Calvo, A. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.029 · Cited by 52
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“Schizophrenia is associated with a greatly increased risk of suicide [2].”
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Depressive symptoms in first episode psychosis: a one-year follow-up study
Sönmez, N., Romm, K. L., Andreasssen, O. A., Melle, I. S., & Røssberg, J. I. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-106 · Cited by 51
“; licensee BioMed Centra Commons Attribution License (http://creativec reproduction in any medium, provided the or suicide during the early phases of psychotic illness [11,12].”
BackgroundAcute risk factors for suicide attempts and death: prospective findings from the STEP ‐ BD study
Ballard, E. D., Voort, J. L. V., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Machado‐Vieira, R., Tohen, M. F., & Zarate, C. A. (2016) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12397 · Cited by 53
Do Undiagnosed Suicide Decedents Have Symptoms of a Mental Disorder?
Joiner, T. E., Buchman‐Schmitt, J. M., & Chu, C. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22498 · Cited by 50
“The present study provides support for the view that underlying psychopathology of some degree is present in 100% of suicide decedents first described by Robins’ (1981), even those not categorized into a diagnostic category based on Robins’ (1981) conservative approach.”
ResultSuicide Behaviors in Bipolar Disorder: A Review and Update for the Clinician.
Beyer, J., & Weisler, R. (2016) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.09.002 · Cited by 50
Söderholm, J. J., Socada, J. L., Rosenström, T. H., Ekelund, J., & Isometsä, E. T. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00290 · Cited by 51
“Cumulative incidence of suicide among Danish psychiatric patients over 18 years was 4% for women and 7% for men with MDD, and 1% higher in BD (5).”
BackgroundPark, S., Choi, J. W., Kyoung Yi, K., & Hong, J. P. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.039 · Cited by 48
“…al., 1995; Geddes et al., 1997; Ho, 2003; Yim et al., 2004; Qin and Nordentoft, 2005; Troister et al., 2008; Hunt et al., 2009a; Large et al., 2011; Nordentoft et al., 2011), our results indicate that schizophrenia, affective disorders, and personality disorder have a substantial impact on the…”
Wu, M., Passos, I. C., Bauer, I. E., Lavagnino, L., Cao, B., Zunta‐Soares, G. B., Kapczinski, F. P., Mwangi, B., & Soares, J. C. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.053 · Cited by 52
“Furthermore, the rates of completed suicide among patients with BD are 7.8% in men and 4.9% in women (Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialSupporting Self-Management in Bipolar Disorder: Mixed-Methods Knowledge Translation Study
Michalak, E. E., Morton, E. E., Barnes, S. J., Hole, R., CREST.BD, & Murray, G. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/13493 · Cited by 50
“Robust epidemiological studies indicate a 1% to 2% lifetime prevalence for BD [3], and it is estimated that 6% to 10% of people with this condition will die by suicide [4].”
BackgroundRonzitti, S., Loree, A. M., Potenza, M., Decker, S. E., Wilson, S., Abel, E. A., Haskell, S., Brandt, C., & Goulet, J. (2019) · Women's health issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.010 · Cited by 43
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Psychotherapeutic interventions for the prevention of suicide re-attempts: a systematic review
Sobanski, T., Josfeld, S., Peikert, G., & Wagner, G. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721003081 · Cited by 52
Xu, M., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Chen, S., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Z., Lin, S., Dong, T., Hou, G., & Qiu, Y. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02147-x · Cited by 46
“MDD is a major risk factor for suicide, and 7% of men and 4% of women with MDD die from suicide [3].”
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Adverse Outcomes to Early Middle Age Linked With Childhood Residential Mobility
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“Hospital-treated suicide attempts were identified from the Psychiatric Central Research Register(17) and the National Patient Register.(18,19) Cohort members’ mental illness histories, as well as those of their parents and siblings, were obtained from the Psychiatric Central Research Register.”
MethodWalter, F., Carr, M., Mok, P. L. H., Astrup, A., Antonsen, S., Pedersen, C. B., Shaw, J. J., & Webb, R. T. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0071 · Cited by 48
Disturbing findings about the risk of suicide and psychiatric hospitals
Large, M. M. B., & Ryan, C. J. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0912-2 · Cited by 46
“The magnitude of risk ratios of nearly 30 or more for whole groups of patients who have contact with hospital-based services exceed both the risk of suicide associated with major psychiatric disorders [2] and the strength of clinical risk factors for suicide among hospitalized patients [3, 4] by about an order of magn…”
BackgroundA genome-wide association study of suicide severity scores in bipolar disorder
Zai, C. C. H., Gonçalves, V. F., Tiwari, A. K., Taliun, S. A. G., Hosang, G. M., Luca, V. D., Shaikh, S. A., King, N. A., Chen, Q., Xu, W., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.002 · Cited by 45
“All rights reserved. years committed suicide (Angst et al., 2002; Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
Inoue, T., Inagaki, Y., Kimura, T., & Shirakawa, O. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.023 · Cited by 45
“Furthermore, the suicide rate is higher in patients with BD than in those with MDD or other mental disorders (Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
BackgroundRanning, A., Benros, M. E., Thorup, A. A. E., Davidsen, K. A., Hjorthøj, C. R., Nordentoft, M., Laursen, T. M., & Sørensen, H. J. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz040 · Cited by 45
Self-citationSuicide and suicidal behaviour
Isometsä, E. T. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198746638.003.0012 · Cited by 46
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Self-citationGao, K., Wu, R., Wang, Z., Ren, M., Kemp, D. E., Chan, P. K., Conroy, C. M., Serrano, M. B., Ganocy, S. J., & Calabrese, J. R. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.011 · Cited by 45
“Among the psychiatric disorders, patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) have the highest risk for suicide (Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSuicide risk assessment tools, predictive validity findings and utility today: time for a revamp?
Roos, L. E., Sareen, J., & Bolton, J. M. (2013) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.13.60 · Cited by 47
Mania Risk and Entrepreneurship: Overlapping Personality Traits
Johnson, S. L., Madole, J. W., & Freeman, M. A. (2018) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2016.0165 · Cited by 44
Montazeri, M., Montazeri, M., Bahaadinbeigy, K., Montazeri, M., & Afraz, A. (2022) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.962 · Cited by 50
“In Danish registers, the rate of suicide is reported as 7.8% in men and 4.9% in women with BD. 6 There are Five key features that define schizophrenia and BD and other psychotic disorders.”
BackgroundInfluentialMichalak, E. E., Suto, M., Barnes, S. J., Hou, S., Lapsley, S., Scott, M., Murray, G., Austin, J., Elliott, N. B., Berk, L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.057 · Cited by 45
Ferrey, A. E., Geulayov, G., Casey, D., Wells, C., Fuller, A., Bankhead, C. R., Ness, J., Clements, C., Gunnell, D., Kapur, N., et al. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1993-3 · Cited by 43
Post‐discharge suicides of inpatients with bipolar disorder in Finland
Isometsä, E. T., Sund, R., & Pirkola, S. P. (2014) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12237 · Cited by 43
“Based on data from Danish national psychiatric registers, it is estimated that about 8% of male patients and 4% of female patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder die by suicide (1).”
MethodMedication and suicide risk in schizophrenia: A nested case–control study
Reutfors, J., Bahmanyar, S., Jönsson, E. G., Brandt, L., Bodén, R., Ekbom, A., & Ösby, U. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.001 · Cited by 43
“About 5 to 6% of patients with schizophrenia die from suicide (Palmer et al., 2005; Nordentoft et al., 2011), and 4 to 8% of all suicides are attributable to inpatient treated schizophrenia spectrum disorder (Qin and Nordentoft, 2005; Reutfors et al., 2010b).”
Efficacy of Ketamine in Bipolar Depression
Parsaik, A. K., Singh, B., Khosh-Chashm, D., & Mascarenhas, S. S. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000106 · Cited by 42
“The study’s eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis were: (1) RCTs, (2) subjects with bipolar depression enrolled, (3) reports of mean change in depression score between ketamine and placebo.”
MethodRetractedSuicide Risk Associated with Experience of Violence and Impulsivity in Alcohol Dependent Patients
Khemiri, L., Jokinen, J., Runeson, B., & Jayaram‐Lindström, N. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep19373 · Cited by 49
“The lifetime risk of suicide in AD patients has been estimated to 7% 6 , and co-morbid substance use disorder increases the absolute risk of suicide in all mental disorders 7 .”
Comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorders in patients with hypertension
Graham, N., & Smıth, D. J. (2016) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000850 · Cited by 46
Dickerson, F., Adamos, M., Katsafanas, E., Khushalani, S., Origoni, A., Savage, C., Schweinfurth, L., Stallings, C., Sweeney, K., Alaedini, A., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.005 · Cited by 41
“psychiatric illness, particularly major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia (Cavanagh et al., 2003; Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
Zhao, Q., Xiang, H., Cai, Y., Meng, S. S., Zhang, Y., & Qiu, P. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.010 · Cited by 44
Agreement between survey‐ and register‐based measures of depression in Denmark
Weye, N., McGrath, J. J., Lasgaard, M., Momen, N. C., Knudsen, A. K., Musliner, K. L., & Plana‐Ripoll, O. (2023) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13555 · Cited by 41
“Hospital-treated self-harm was identified in the Central Psychiatric Research Register and Danish National Patient Register(29) using an algorithm from Nordentoft et al.(30) which uses information on suicide attempts, poisoning, psychiatric disorders and deliberate self-harm (Supplementary Material, p.”
MethodAaltonen, K. I., Sund, R., Hakulinen, C. A., Pirkola, S. P., & Isometsä, E. T. (2024) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5512 · Cited by 41
Webb, R. T., Antonsen, S., Carr, M. J., Appleby, L., Pedersen, C. B., & Mok, P. L. H. (2017) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30094-4 · Cited by 39
Castelein, S., Liemburg, E. J., de Lange, J. S., van Es, F. D., Visser, E., Aleman, A., Bruggeman, R., & Knegtering, H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129263 · Cited by 40
“Moreover, DUP of the current sample could not be rigorously evaluated sample had a high diversity in diagnoses due to the naturalistic setting, while suicide may differ between diagnoses [7].”
BackgroundReal‐world effectiveness of repeated ketamine infusions for treatment‐resistant bipolar depression
Fancy, F., Rodrigues, N. B., Di Vincenzo, J. D., Chau, E. H., Sethi, R., Husain, M. I., Gill, H., Tabassum, A., Mckenzie, A., Phan, L., et al. (2023) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13284 · Cited by 40
Olié, É., Seyller, M., Béziat, S., Loftus, J., Bellivier, F., Bougerol, T., Belzeaux-R, R., Azorin, J., Gard, S., Kahn, J. P., et al. (2014) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12326 · Cited by 42
“Up to 50% of patients with BD will attempt suicide at least once and about 6% will succeed in committing suicide (2, 3).”
BackgroundToender, A., Munk‐Olsen, T., Vestergaard, M., Larsen, J. T., Suppli, N. P., Dalton, S. O., Vedsted, P., Nordentoft, M., Mortensen, P. B., & Laursen, T. M. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.011 · Cited by 40
Self-citationLamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder
Hashimoto, Y., Kotake, K., Watanabe, N., Fujiwara, T., & Sakamoto, S. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013575.pub2 · Cited by 44
Using Electronic Health Records to Facilitate Precision Psychiatry
Oliver, D., Arribas, M., Perry, B. I., Whiting, D., Blackman, G., Krakowski, K., Seyedsalehi, A., Osimo, E. F., Griffiths, S. L., Stahl, D. R., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1006 · Cited by 40
“It uses multiple sociodemographic and clinical predictors, including male sex, age, previous violent crime, previous drug use, previous alcohol use, previous self-harm, education level, parental drug or alcohol use, parental suicide, recent antipsychotic treatment, recent antidepressant treatment,…”
MethodEncountering Patient Suicide During Psychiatric Training: An Integrative, Systematic Review
Leaune, É., Ravella, N., Vieux, M., Poulet, E., Chauliac, N., & Terra, J. (2019) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000208 · Cited by 38
Ma, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, D.-F., Li, Y., Wang, D., Liu, T., & Zhang, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.543632 · Cited by 38
Risk of suicide and all-cause death in patients with mental disorders: a nationwide cohort study
Kim, H., Jung, J., Han, K., & Jeon, H. J. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02887-4 · Cited by 37
Refractory bipolar disorder and neuroprogression
da Costa, S. C., Passos, I. C., Lowri, C., Soares, J. C., & Kapczinski, F. P. (2015) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.09.005 · Cited by 38
“The rates of completed suicide among patients with BD are 7.8% in men and 4.9% in women (Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialAwareness, attitudes, and use of crisis hotlines among youth at-risk for suicide.
Budinger, M. C., Cwik, M., & Riddle, M. (2015) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12112 · Cited by 37
Structural brain abnormalities in patients with type I bipolar disorder and suicidal behavior
Duarte, D. G. G., das Neves, M. D. C. L., Albuquerque, M. R., Turecki, G., Ding, Y., Duran, F., Busatto, G. F., & Corrêa, H. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.04.012 · Cited by 37
“…predominantly affects individuals with mental disorders, such as patients with bipolar disorder (BD), whose absolute risk for SAs over their lifetime ranges between 20% and 30%, which is the highest documented SA risk for any individual group (Nordentoft et al., 2011; Turecki and Brent, 2016).”
BackgroundShame and the psychosis continuum: A systematic review of the literature
Carden, L. J., Saini, P., Seddon, C., Watkins, M., & Taylor, P. J. (2018) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12204 · Cited by 45
Women with Hidradenitis Suppurativa Have an Elevated Risk of Suicide
Tiri, H., Huilaja, L., Jokelainen, J. J., Timonen, M., & Tasanen, K. (2018) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.171 · Cited by 37
McClure, D., Greenman, S. C., Koppolu, S. S., Varvara, M., Yaseen, Z. S., & GALYNKER, I. I. (2015) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000378 · Cited by 37
Martínez‐Alés, G., & Keyes, K. M. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1080-6 · Cited by 38
Kim, H., Kim, H., Suh, H. J., & Choi, H. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07260 · Cited by 36
Brewer, W. J., Lambert, T., Witt, K., Dileo, J. F., Duff, C., Crlenjak, C., McGorry, P. D., & Murphy, B. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00127-8 · Cited by 35
Zhong, S., Wang, Y., Lai, S., Liu, T., Liao, X., Chen, G., & Jia, Y. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.031 · Cited by 34
Self-harm and violent criminality linked with parental death during childhood
Carr, M. J., Mok, P. L. H., Antonsen, S., Pedersen, C. B., & Webb, R. T. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001193 · Cited by 32
“, 2011), by applying a previously derived Danish coding algorithm (Nordentoft et al., 2011).”
MethodSuicide in bipolar disorder: characteristics and subgroups
Schaffer, A., Sinyor, M., Reis, C., Goldstein, B. I., & LEVITT, A. J. (2014) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12219 · Cited by 35
“9%) is within the range identified in prospective BD cohort studies (5, 9, 13, 17, 18, 20, 21).”
BackgroundService utilization and suicide among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Zaheer, J., Jacob, B. J., de Oliveira, C., Rudoler, D., Juda, A., & Kurdyak, P. A. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.025 · Cited by 35
Suicide prevention in Japan: Government and community measures, and high‐risk interventions
Okamura, K., Ikeshita, K., Kimoto, S., Makinodan, M., & Kishimoto, T. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12471 · Cited by 38
“attempts is the most powerful predictor of future suicide attempts (Isometsä & Lönnqvist, 1998; Nordentoft et al., 2011), and efforts to prevent recurrent suicide attempts are listed as key measures in the general principles of suicide prevention policy.”
BackgroundClinical Implications of Drug Abuse Epidemiology
Schulden, J. D., Lopez, M. F., & Compton, W. M. (2012) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2012.03.007 · Cited by 36
Honings, S., Drukker, M., van Nierop, M. M., van Winkel, R., Wïttchen, H., Lieb, R., ten Have, M., de Graaf, R., van Dorsselaer, S., & van Os, J. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.002 · Cited by 34
“Mental disorders are an important risk factor for suicidal behaviour (Bostwick and Pankratz, 2000; Nordentoft et al., 2011; Palmer et al., 2005): of the individuals who committed suicide, 91% had a mental disorder, most commonly a depressive disorder, substance abuse or schizophrenia (Cavanagh et…”
Astrup, A., Pedersen, C. B., Mok, P. L. H., Carr, M., & Webb, R. T. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.023 · Cited by 39
Association Between Loneliness and Suicidal Behaviour: A Scoping Review
Saeed, F., Gürcan, A., Shoib, S., Amanda, T. W., Ransing, R. S., Bhandarı, S. S., Armiya’u, A. Y., & Chandradasa, M. (2023) · Turkish Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5080/u27080 · Cited by 40
Steeg, S., Webb, R. T., Mok, P. L. H., Pedersen, C. B., Antonsen, S., Kapur, N., & Carr, M. (2019) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30042-8 · Cited by 34
Clinical and neuropsychological aspects of non-fatal self-harm in schizophrenia
Pluck, G. C., Lekka, N. P., Sarkar, S., Lee, K. H., Bath, P. A., Sharif, O., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2012) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.08.003 · Cited by 34
“Indeed, suicide is most common shortly after first contact with psychiatric services, both for psychiatric patients in general [36], and for those with schizophrenia [39].”
BackgroundLee, S., Joshi, P., & Song, H.-B. (2017) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_282_16 · Cited by 34
“[6] Although mental illness is responsible for a large proportion of suicide,[13,14] number of chronic diseases were shown to be associated with elevated risk of suicide in elderly.”
BackgroundEpidemiology of mood disorders
Kessing, L. V. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0067 · Cited by 32
Temperament, Character and Suicide Attempts in Unipolar and Bipolar Mood Disorders
Jylhä, P. J., Rosenström, T. H., Mantere, O., Suominen, K. H., Melartin, T. K., Vuorilehto, M. S., Holma, M., Riihimäki, K., Oquendo, M. A., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.14m09472 · Cited by 32
Gao, J., Li, K., Du, L., Yin, H., Tan, X., & Yang, Z. R. (2018) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.010 · Cited by 32
Choi, K. W., Kim, Y., D, M. F. M., Mischoulon, D., Na, E. J., Kim, S. W., Shin, M., Chung, M. K., & Jeon, H. J. (2019) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2019.0091 · Cited by 30
Metadata
- Authors
- Nordentoft, M.
- Affiliations
- Mental Health Services (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Nordentoft, Merete
- ORCID
- Nordentoft, Merete
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-10-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1058
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2033648797
- Cited by
- 689
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 30.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- suicide risk, mental illness, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, unipolar affective disorder, substance use comorbidity, self-harm, sex differences, lifetime risk, psychiatric hospitalization, national cohort, Denmark, suicide prevention, suicide risk factors, suicide prevention research funding, suicide prevention workforce
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Sex Factors, Suicide, Comorbidity, Incidence, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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