Distinguishing between major depressive disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder in children by measuring regional cortical thickness
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CONTEXT: Cortical abnormalities have been noted in previous studies of major depressive disorder (MDD). OBJECTIVE: To hypothesize differences in regional cortical thickness among children with MDD, children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and healthy controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of groups. SETTING: Children's Hospital of Michigan in Detroit. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 24 psychotropic drug-naive pediatric patients with MDD (9 boys and 15 girls), 24 psychotropic drug-naive pediatric outpatients with OCD (8 boys and 16 girls), and 30 healthy controls (10 boys and 20 girls). INTERVENTION: Magnetic resonance imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cortical thickness. RESULTS: In the right hemisphere of the brain, the pericalcarine gyrus was thinner in patients with MDD than in outpatients with OCD (P = .002) or healthy controls (P = .04), the postcentral gyrus was thinner in patients with MDD than in outpatients with OCD (P = .002) or healthy controls (P = .02), and the superior parietal gyrus was thinner in patients with MDD than in outpatients with OCD (P = .008) or healthy controls (P = .03). The outpatients with OCD and the healthy controls did not differ in these regions of the brain. The temporal pole was thicker in patients with MDD than in outpatients with OCD (P < .001) or healthy controls (P = .01), both of which groups did not differ in temporal pole thickness. The cuneus was thinner in patients with MDD than in outpatients with OCD (P = .008), but it did not differ from that in healthy controls. In the left hemisphere, the supramarginal gyrus was thinner in both patients with MDD (P = .04) and outpatients with OCD (P = .01) than in healthy controls, and the temporal pole was thicker in patients with MDD than in both healthy controls and outpatients with OCD (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore cortical thickness in pediatric patients with MDD. Although differences in some regions of the brain would be expected given neurobiological models of MDD, our study highlights some unexpected regions (ie, supramarginal and superior parietal gyri) that merit further investigation. These results underscore the need to expand exploration beyond the frontal-limbic circuit.
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The superior parietal lobule and parahippocampal gyrus have shown depression-related phenotypes in previous studies.
“This analysis also showed associations between depression scores and superior parietal lobule and parahippocampal gyrus activity, two regions that have shown depression related phenotypes in previous studies (Fallucca et al., 2011; Milne et al., 2012).”
From Reduced nucleus accumbens reactivity and adolescent depression following early-life stress (2013) · cites this paper as Fallucca et al., 2011
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Imaging Glutamatergic and GABAergic Abnormalities in Mood Disorders
Scotti-Muzzi, E., Otaduy, M. C. G., Soeiro‐de‐Souza, M. G., & Machado‐Vieira, R. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108623018.010
Molecular Imaging of Dopamine and Antipsychotics in Bipolar Disorder
Jauhar, S. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108623018.019
Magnetoencephalography Studies in Mood Disorders
Nugent, A. C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108623018.016
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.001
Construct and Data-Evaluation Validity
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.004
Single-Case Experimental Research Designs
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.009
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.007
Cautions, Negative Effects, and Replication
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.016
Selecting Measures for Research
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.011
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.021
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.013
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.022
Ideas that Begin the Research Process
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.005
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.020
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.025
Presenting and Analyzing the Data
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.015
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.024
- Authors
- Fallucca, E., MacMaster, F. P., Haddad, J., Easter, P., Dick, R., May, G., Stanley, J. A., Rix, C., & Rosenberg, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-05-02
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 527
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4777351
- OpenAlex
- W1994823296
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K24MH002037, R01MH065122, R01MH059299)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, childhood depression, cortical thickness, brain structure, superior parietal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, temporal pole, cuneus, right hemisphere, differential diagnosis, neuroimaging biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging, cortical thinning, cortical thickening
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Differential, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Organ Size, Comorbidity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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