Ventromedial prefrontal cortex thinning in preschool-onset depression
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Background The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) is a key center of affect regulation and processing, fundamental aspects of emotional competence which are disrupted in mood disorders. Structural alterations of VMPFC have consistently been observed in adult major depression and are associated with depression severity, yet it is unknown whether young children with depression demonstrate similar abnormalities. We investigated cortical thickness differences in the VMPFC of children with a history of preschool-onset depression (PO-MDD).Methods Participants in a longitudinal study of PO-MDD underwent structural brain imaging between the ages of 7 and 12 years. Using local cortical distance metrics, cortical thickness of the VMPFC was compared in children with and without a history of PO-MDD.Results Children previously diagnosed with PO-MDD (n=34) had significantly thinner right VMPFC vs. children without a history of PO-MDD [(n=95); F(1,126)=5.97, (p=.016)]. This effect was specific to children with a history of PO-MDD vs. other psychiatric conditions and was independent of comorbid anxiety or externalizing disorders. Decreases in right VMPFC thickness were predicted by preschool depressive symptoms independent of depressive symptoms in school age.Limitations Results are cross-sectional and cannot distinguish whether thinner right VMPFC represents a vulnerability marker of MDD, consequence of MDD, or marker of remitted MDD. Longitudinal imaging is needed to contextualize how this difference relates to normative VMPFC structural development.Conclusions Onset of depression at preschool age was associated with decreased cortical thickness of right VMPFC. This finding implicates the VMPFC in depression from very early stages of brain development.
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Decreased right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex cortical thickness at age 7-12 was predicted by depression severity at age 3-6 and age 7-12.
“Importantly, decreased right sgACC cortical thickness at age 7-12 was predicted by depression severity at age 3-6 (and age 7-12).”
From Prefrontal cortex and depression (2022) · cites this paper as [85]
The Results (PO-MDD Severity in Relation to VMPFC Thickness; page unavailable) report that preschool depression severity predicted thinner right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) at school age. School-age severity was associated with thickness when tested without preschool severity, but was not a significant predictor when both were included. The paper measured the broader VMPFC, not cortical thickness specifically in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRelative to healthy children, children aged 7-12 years with a history of preschool-onset depression had thinner right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex cortical thickness.
“Thus, relative to healthy children, children (7-12 years) with a history of preschool-onset depression (age of onset: 3-6 years) had thinner right sgACC cortical thickness [85].”
From Prefrontal cortex and depression (2022) · cites this paper as [85]
The Methods report imaging at ages 7–12, and the Results (Specificity to PO-MDD) find significantly thinner right VMPFC in children with preschool-onset depression than in healthy children. The Introduction describes the subgenual region as one component of the VMPFC, but the reported thickness result is for the VMPFC as a whole, not specifically the right sgACC. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“Children diagnosed with preschool onset MDD have reduced right ventromedial PFC volume compared to controls (130).”
BackgroundThe relationship of impulsivity and cortical thickness in depressed and non-depressed adolescents
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- Authors
- Marrus, N., Belden, A., Nishino, T., Handler, T., Ratnanather, J. T., Miller, M., Barch, D., Luby, J., & Botteron, K.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marrus, Natasha
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 180
- Pages
- 79-86
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4772729
- OpenAlex
- W2145001513
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (5T32MH100019, MH090786, P41 EB015909, MH064769)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- ventromedial prefrontal cortex, cortical thickness, cortical thinning, childhood depression, major depressive disorder, structural brain development, emotion regulation, vulnerability indicators, depressive symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Child, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Case-Control Studies, Prefrontal Cortex, Age of Onset, Neuroimaging
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