Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen on Health-Related Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women With Hysterectomy: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trial
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BACKGROUND: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial of conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs), involving 10,739 postmenopausal women with hysterectomy, aged 50 to 79 years, was stopped early owing to lack of overall health benefit and increased risk of stroke. Because CEE is still prescribed for treatment of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis, it is important to understand the overall impact of this therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS: All participants completed 6 specific measures of quality of life at baseline and 1 year, and a subsample (n = 1189) also completed the questions 3 years after randomization. Changes in scores were analyzed for treatment effect. RESULTS: Randomization to CEE was associated with a statistically significant but small reduction in sleep disturbance at year 1 compared with baseline (mean benefit, 0.4 points on a 20-point scale) and a statistically significant but small negative effect on social functioning (mean effect, -1.3 points on a 100-point scale). There were no significant improvements due to CEE in the areas of general health, physical functioning, pain, vitality, role functioning, mental health, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, or sexual satisfaction at year 1. A subgroup examined 3 years after baseline had no significant benefits for any HRQOL outcomes. Among women aged 50 to 54 years with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms at baseline, CEE did not improve any of the HRQOL variables at year 1. CONCLUSION: In this trial of postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy, oral CEE did not have a clinically meaningful effect on HRQOL.
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Several studies comparing hormone therapy to placebo have found that hormone therapy improves perceived sleep quality and self-reported sleeping problems more than placebo.
“Although several studies comparing HT to a placebo have found that HT improves perceived sleep quality and self-reported sleeping problems more than a placebo [112-123]”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- Brunner, R. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brunner, Robert L.
- ORCID
- Brunner, Robert L.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2005-09-26
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1976
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2133636423
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Pfizer
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- conjugated equine estrogens, health-related quality of life, postmenopausal women, hysterectomy, Women's Health Initiative, sleep disorders, social functioning, vasomotor symptoms, hormone replacement therapy, osteoporosis prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Double-Blind Method, Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Female, Humans, Hysterectomy, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Women's Health, Postmenopause
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