A Retrospective Review of 61 Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Analysis of Factors Influencing Recurrent Thrombosis
Abstract
Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disorder of recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis, pregnancy losses, and thrombocytopenia. Recurrent thrombosis has particularly adverse effects on patient prognosis. The factors that influence recurrence and management techniques that prevent these events remain controversial. To add further insight regarding predisposing factors and the prevention of thrombotic recurrence, 61 wellcharacterized patients with APS were followed up for a median time of 77 months. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in which the following factors were examined to determine their influence on thrombotic recurrence: primary vs secondary syndrome; the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, or smoking; patient age, sex, and race; pregnancy and oral contraceptives use; and treatment with warfarin sodium, warfarin plus aspirin, aspirin alone, prednisone, or no treatment. Results: There was no difference between patients with primary and secondary APS with respect to recurrent arterial (55% vs 38%, respectively) or recurrent venous (47% vs 50%, respectively) thrombotic events. In all patients with APS, white race (P=.02) was associated with recurrent arterial events. Venous thrombosis occurred during pregnancy or in the postpartum period in 16 (30%) of 53 women and in 8 women taking oral contraceptives. Recurrent arterial and venous thromboses were significantly decreased with prophylactic warfarin use when compared with prednisone use or no treatment. Recurrences were infrequent in patients with prothrombin ratios of 1.5 to 2.0. Conclusions: Treatment with warfarin was most effective in preventing recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis. Pregnancy and the use of oral contraceptives or prednisone may also influence recurrence. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2101-2108
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Treatment with vitamin K antagonist target INR 2-3 plus low-dose aspirin in antiphospholipid syndrome with first arterial thrombosis is supported by limited data from one retrospective cohort study and one small RCT.
“Alternatively, treatment with VKA with a target INR of 2–3 plus LDA is used by some experts, supported by limited data from one retrospective cohort study and one small RCT.36 37”
From EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults
Tektonidou, M. G., Andreoli, L., Limper, M., Amoura, Z., Cervera, R., Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., Cuadrado, M. J., Dörner, T., Ferrer-Oliveras, R., Hambly, K., et al. (2019) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215213 · Cited by 1,261 · see citing works
Guidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Keeling, D., Mackie, I., Moore, G. W., Greer, I. A., Greaves, M., & British Committee for Standards in Haematology (2012) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09037.x · Cited by 740 · see citing works
“…and observational studies it was thought that stroke associated with aPL carried a high risk of recurrence (with the likelihood of consequent permanent disability or death) and should be treated with long-term warfarin (Rosove & Brewer, 1992; Khamashta et al, 1995; Krnic-Barrie et al, 1997).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWu, O., Robertson, L., Twaddle, S., Lowe, G. D. O., Clark, P., Greaves, M., Walker, I. D., Langhorne, P., Brenkel, I., Regan, L., et al. (2006) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta10110 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Rare diseases bullet 7: Pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
Keane, M. P. (2000) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thorax.55.2.159 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Zhu, T., Martinez, I., & Emmerich, J. (2009) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.108.182428 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Long term outcome of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome survivors
Erkan, D., Asherson, R. A., Espinosa, G., Cervera, R., Font, J., Pietté, J. C., & Lockshin, M. D. (2003) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.62.6.530 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The diagnosis and management of the haematologic manifestations of lupus
Velo-García, A., Castro, S. G., & Isenberg, D. A. (2016) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.001 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The lung in the antiphospholipid syndrome
Espinosa, G., Cervera, R., Font, J. A., & Asherson, R. A. (2002) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.61.3.195 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Autoimmunity and geriatrics: clinical significance of autoimmune manifestations in the elderly
Ramos‐Casals, M., García‐Carrasco, M., Brito, M. P., López‐Soto, A., & Font, J. (2003) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/0961203303lu383ed · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Stroke in Young Women
Brey, R. L., Stallworth, C. L., McGlasson, D. L., Wozniak, M. A., Wityk, R. J., Stern, B. J., Sloan, M. A., Sherwin, R. W., Price, T. R., Macko, R. F., et al. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000031927.25510.d1 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ferrara, D. E., Swerlick, R. A., Casper, K., Meroni, P. L., Vega-Ostertag, M. E., Harris, E. N., & Pierangeli, S. S. (2004) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00896.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Tuhrim, S., Rand, J. H., Wu, X.-X., Weinberger, J. M., Horowitz, D. R., Goldman, M. E., & Godbold, J. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.8.1561 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Neurological manifestations of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Brey, R. L., & Escalante, A. (1998) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339800700216 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Françès, C., & Pietté, J. C. (2000) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1006/jaut.2000.0418 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Tektonidou, M. G., Andréoli, L., Limper, M., Tincani, A., & Ward, M. M. (2019) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000924 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Primary Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS)
Durrani, O. M., Gordon, C., & Murray, P. I. (2002) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00289-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Tinzaparin sodium for thrombosis treatment and prevention during pregnancy
Smith, M. P., Norris, L., Steer, P. J., Savidge, G. F., & Bonnar, J. (2004) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(03)00953-0 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Pierangeli, S. S., Chen, P. P., & González, E. B. (2006) · Current Opinion in Internal Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000239710.47921.d2 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Recurrent miscarriage and long-term thrombosis risk: a case–control study
Quenby, S. M., Farquharson, R. G., Dawood, F. A., Hughes, A. M., & Topping, J. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh844 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Cerebral ischaemia associated with aPL was previously reported to be the most common arterial manifestation of APS (Krnic-Barrie et al., 1997; Shah et al., 1998; Navarrete et al., 2000).”
BackgroundKraemer, M., Linden, D., & Berlit, P. (2005) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0967-9 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Various antithrombotic agents have been used [1], including tissue activator [48], prostacyclin and antiplatelet therapy.”
BackgroundManagement of antiphospholipid syndrome
Tuthill, J. I., & Khamashta, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2009.05.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Thrombotic Risk Factors In Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Turiel, M., Sarzi‐Puttini, P., Peretti, R., Rossi, E., Atzeni, F., Parsons, W., & Doria, A. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000170645.40562.09 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Turiel, M., Sarzi‐Puttini, P., Peretti, R., Bonizzato, S., Muzzupappa, S., Atzeni, F., Rossi, E., & Doria, A. (2005) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.04.022 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Taraborelli, M., Reggia, R., Dall’Ara, F., Fredi, M., Andréoli, L., Gerosa, M., Hoxha, A., Massaro, L., Tonello, M., Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.161364 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Vega-Ostertag, M. E., Liu, X., Henderson, V. J., & Pierangeli, S. S. (2006) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/0961203306lu2315oa · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid Syndrome in the Elderly: Caution
Pietté, J. C., & Cacoub, P. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.22.2195 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Cabral (7) 1995 10 32.9610 20‐49 Krnic-Barrie ( 8 )*§ 1997 35 41.2615”
InfluentialPrevention and Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy
James, A. (2007) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.08.011 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Chighizola, C. B., Ubiali, T., & Meroni, P. L. (2015) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2015/951424 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Recurrences yield an important mortality; unfortunately, univocal recommendations to manage these situations are still warranted.”
Background“Black swan in the kidney”: Renal involvement in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Nzerue, C. M., Hewan-Lowe, K. O., Pierangeli, S. S., & Harris, E. N. (2002) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00500.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Young Adults with Stroke
Brey, R. L. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-005-3204-6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“However, as will be described further below, primary and secondary APS are indistinguishable [8,9] with regard to the types of thromboses experienced.”
BackgroundComplement Activation: A Novel Pathogenic Mechanism in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Pierangeli, S. S., Vega-Ostertag, M. E., Liu, X., & Girardi, G. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1361.083 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The treatment of anti-phospholipid syndrome: A comprehensive clinical approach
Chighizola, C. B., Andréoli, L., Gerosa, M., Tincani, A., Ruffatti, A., & Meroni, P. L. (2018) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.02.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…2-3 Median 8 years (1 e10) 0.038/pt-year Rance, 1997 [297] 27 Retrospective cohort (subgroup analysis) 0/27 No therapy Warfarin 2-3 1-4 years NA 0 Krnic-Barrie, 1997 [298] 61 Retrospective cohort 23/38 No therapy Warfarin LDASA Warfarin þ LDASA 124.9 pt-years 63.0 pt-years 36.6 pt-years 30.6…”
BackgroundInfluentialAspirin Withdrawal and Acute Lower Limb Ischemia
Albaladéjo, P., Geeraerts, T., Francis, F., et al. (2004) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000131965.61686.bd · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Clinical observations of myocardial infarction or stroke, apparently related to aspirin or anticoagulant withdrawal, were noted in the setting of thrombocytosis or antiphospholipid syndrome (11,12), suggesting an abnormally high platelet aggregability.”
BackgroundAntiphosphatidyl serine antibodies are independently associated with ischemic stroke
Tuhrim, S., Rand, J. H., Wu, X.-X., Horowitz, D. R., Weinberger, J., Goldman, M., & Godbold, J. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.7.1523 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Thrombosis and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Ortel, T. L. (2005) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/asheducation-2005.1.462 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hughes Syndrome, the Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A New Chapter in Neurology
Sanna, G., Bertolaccini, M. L., & Hughes, G. R. V. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1361.088 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ma, J., Song, H., Wei, M., & He, Y. (2017) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3776-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Use of direct oral anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome
Cohen, H., Efthymiou, M., & Isenberg, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14017 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Carecchio, M., Cantello, R. M., & Comi, C. (2014) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2014/239398 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Meroni, P. L., Moia, M., Derksen, R. H. W. M., Tincani, A., McIntyre, J. A., Arnout, J., Koike, T., Pietté, J. C., Khamashta, M. A., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2003) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/0961203303lu389oa · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pengo, V., Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., Denas, G., Andréoli, L., Khamashta, M. A., & Tincani, A. (2011) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.016 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Antiaggregant and anticoagulant therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus and Hughes' syndrome
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., Khamashta, M. A., & Hughes, G. R. (2001) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/096120301667789546 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome
Bertolaccini, M. L., Khamashta, M. A., & Hughes, G. R. V. (2005) · Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/ncprheum0017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“and the rates of arterial or venous thrombosis and fetal loss do not appear to be different”
Management of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid syndrome
Khamashta, M. A. (1998) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339800700235 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome: A proposal for use of laboratory tests
Harris, E. N., Pierangeli, S., & Gharavi, A. E. (1998) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339800700232 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid syndrome and central nervous system
Mayer, M., Cerovec, M., Radoš, M., & Čikeš, N. (2010) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.03.023 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: New InSights on Thrombogenic Mechanisms
Rand, J. H. (1998) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40388-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Warfarin Monitoring in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Lupus Anticoagulant
Crowl, A. N., Schullo-Feulner, A. M., & Moon, J. Y. (2014) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028014546361 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Praticò, D., Tangirala, R. K., Hörkkö, S., et al. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.2.459 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Brey, R. L. (2000) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1006/jaut.2000.0426 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Towards improved criteria for the antiphospholipid syndrome
Pietté, J. C. (1998) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339800700233 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
New targeted therapies for treatment of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome
Pierangeli, S. S., Vega-Ostertag, M. E., & González, E. B. (2007) · Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1462399407000506 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“N Engl J Med 332, 993-997 29 Krnic-Barrie, S. et al. (1997) A retrospective review”
BackgroundStroke and antiphospholipid syndrome: the treatment debate
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., & Khamashta, M. A. (2005) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh666 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“[13] published a retrospective review of 61 patients with APS.”
BackgroundThe impact of gender on clinical manifestations of primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Jara, L. J., Medina, G., Lastra, O. L. V., & Barile, L. (2005) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/0961203305lu2176oa · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cavazza, S., Rainaldi, M. P., Adduci, A., & Palareti, G. (2011) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.06.028 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In our model, we considered previous VTE episodes [3] and the presence of antihrombin deficiency or of lupus anticoagulant phenomenon very high risk conditions based on data in the literature reporting the absolute risk of VTE in pregnant women to be at least 40% in cases of antithrombin deficiency [13] and 30% in pre…”
MethodHughes syndrome crosses boundaries
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., Khamashta, M. A., & Hughes, G. R. V. (2002) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(01)00005-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cáliz, R., Fontecha, P. D. D. C., Galindo-Izquierdo, M., Longo, F. J. L., Zamora, M. Á. M., Santamaría, A., Pliego, O. A., Lozano, M. J. C., Beltrán, M. P. D., Carmona, L., et al. (2019) · Reumatología Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2018.11.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Crétel, E., Cacoub, P., Huong, D. U. L. T., et al. (1999) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339900800614 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (Hughes syndrome): therapeutic aspects
Cuadrado, M. J., & Khamashta, M. A. (2000) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1053/berh.1999.0083 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zhou, H., Chen, D., Xie, H., et al. (2012) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2012.08.303 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: General Features
Godfrey, T., & D’Cruz, D. P. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3666-8_2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chapter 2 Epidemiology of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Mehrani, T., & Petri, M. (2009) · Technical report · doi:10.1016/s1571-5078(08)00402-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Thromboprophylaxis and obstetric management of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Espinosa, G., & Cervera, R. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656560902772302 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“These conclusions are based on the analysis of nine cohort studies[17, 38-45], four subgroup analyses [46-49] and two randomized controlled studies [50,51].”
MethodRodríguez-Sanz, A., Martínez‐Sánchez, P., Prefasi, D., Fuentes, B., Pascual‐Salcedo, D., Blanco-Bañares, M. J., & Díez‐Tejedor, E. (2014) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.3109/08916934.2014.988329 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“occlusive events [7,8], others [9–12] have demonstrated a relationship between the level of aPLs and a higher risk of”
BackgroundAntiphospholipid Syndrome: State of the Art of Clinical Management
Depietri, L., Veropalumbo, M. R., Leone, M. C., & Ghirarduzzi, A. (2023) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-023-07496-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“What we know is that patients presenting with arterial thrombosis carry a higher risk of recurrence than those with venous events only [74], and this consideration may justify the hypothesis that APS patients with arterial thrombosis need for a more aggressive antithrombotic regime.”
Recurrent venous thromboembolism while on anticoagulant therapy
Thachil, J. V. (2012) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2012.04.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Treatment of thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome in adults and children
Madison, J. A., Duarte‐García, A., Zuo, Y., & Knight, J. S. (2020) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000702 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In this study, there was a significant decrease in recurrence among patients on warfarin alone as well as warfarin with LDA; additionally, there were no recurrent arterial events at all among patients on warfarin with LDA, but the difference between the groups with and without LDA was not significant because of an ins…”
BackgroundIntraventricular Hemorrhage as an Unusual Presenting Form of Sneddon Syndrome
Bayraklı, F., Erkek, E., Kürtüncü, M., et al. (2010) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2010.01.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Treatment of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Progress in the last five years?
Petri, M. (2000) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-000-0088-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Celia, A. I., Vescovo, G. M., Sarto, G., Alessandri, C., Iaconelli, A., D’Amario, D., Frati, G., Conti, F., Sciarretta, S., Angiolillo, D. J., et al. (2025) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2025.152741 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Veres, K., Szodoray, P., Szekanecz, Z., Lakos, G., Kiss, E. V., Laczik, R., Sipka, S., Bodolay, E., Zeher, M., Muszbek, L., et al. (2010) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203310374336 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Current management of antiphospholipid syndrome-related thrombosis
Puente, D., Pombo, G., & Forastiero, R. R. (2009) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/erc.09.112 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Intensidade da anticoagulação no tratamento da trombose na síndrome antifosfolípide: meta‐análise
da Silva, F. F., & de Carvalho, J. F. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia · doi:10.1016/j.rbr.2014.08.016 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dan, D., King, K., Seetahal, S., et al. (2011) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-126 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“have suggested the possibility of other classes of IgG having similar thrombophilic properties [12].”
BackgroundCardiac and Pulmonary Manifestations in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Espinosa, G., Cervera, R., Font, J., García‐Carrasco, M., Battagliotti, C., & Ingelmo, M. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044450987-1/50020-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Markousis‐Mavrogenis, G., Sfikakis, P. P., Mavrogeni, S. I., & Tektonidou, M. G. (2020) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05498-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cerebral Disease in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Navarrete, M. G., Brey, R. L., & Levine, S. R. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3666-8_5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism
Pengo, V., & Denas, G. (2022) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1749590 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“A further retrospectivestudy byKrnic-Barrie et al 42 underlined that recurrent arterial and venous thromboses were infrequent in patients maintained at high intensity anticoagulation.”
BackgroundNeurologic Manifestations in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Brey, R. L., Levine, S. R., & Stallworth, C. L. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044450987-1/50019-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cuadrado, M. J. (2002) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-002-0083-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Retrospective studies, some of them including patients with arterial or venous thrombosis [6,7,8] and two including only patients with venous thrombosis [14,15], find fewer recurrences [6, 8 ,15] or no recurrences at all [7,14] when the target International Normalized Ratio (INR) is at least 3.0.”
BackgroundInfluentialEl pulmón en el síndrome antifosfolipídico
Espinosa, G., Cervera, R., & Font, J. (2002) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/s0300-2896(02)75143-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Management of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Espinosa, G., & Cervera, R. (2010) · Autoimmunity Highlights · doi:10.1007/s13317-010-0004-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dermatomyositis with Splenic and Renal Infarctions during Corticosteroid Therapy.
Matsuda, Y., Harigai, M., Nakajima, H., et al. (2000) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.39.512 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Neiderman, N. N. C., Tanné, D., Goren, I., Rotman‐Pikielny, P., & Levy, Y. (2017) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-017-8897-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pyo, J. Y., Jung, S. M., Lee, S., Song, J. J., Lee, S.-K., & Park, Y. (2017) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1128 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are the most common neurologic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).(1,2) APS is suspected when a young patient presents with thrombotic stroke with no overt risk factors for cerebrovascular disease.”
Backgroundda Silva, F. F., & de Carvalho, J. F. (2015) · Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rbre.2014.08.015 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Espinosa, G., & Cervera, R. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374994-9.10055-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Les anticorps antiphospholipides, signification et traitement
Godeau, B., & Pietté, J. C. (2004) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/s0755-4982(04)98805-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pulmonary Involvement in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Espinosa, G., Cervera, R., García‐Carrasco, M., Font, J., & Asherson, R. A. (2004) · Technical report · doi:10.1016/s1571-5078(04)02007-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Management of Thrombosis in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Khamashta, M. A. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3666-8_39 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lewis, K., Tambralli, A., & Madison, J. A. (2025) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000001083 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Affections hématologiques et accidents vasculaires cérébraux
Crassard, I., & Woimant, F. (2005) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Neurologie · doi:10.1016/j.emcn.2005.04.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Treatment of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Mehdi, A. A., Uthman, I. W., & Khamashta, M. A. (2010) · International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.2217/ijr.10.8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Patient Management
Rand, J. H., Levin, M. B., & Alving, B. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-141602401-9.10019-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yang, W., Chung, M. J., Ha, J., Kang, D., Lee, E., Jeong, H., Kim, J., Jung, K., & Lee, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91739-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The studies that currently serve as references supporting the use of warfarin were conducted 20–30 years ago 12–15 , and they may be susceptible to selection bias due to the challenges in diagnosing minor strokes during that period.”
Rand, J. H., & Wolgast, L. R. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2296-9.00020-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pengo, V., Zocche, A., Scognamiglio, R., Biasiolo, A., Roš, T., & Ruffatti, A. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044450669-6/50034-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tratamiento del síndrome antifosfolipídico, ¿a quién, cuándo y cuánto tiempo?
Castañeda, M. C. A. (2005) · Reumatología Clínica · doi:10.1016/s1699-258x(05)72773-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome—an overview
Sridevi, C., & Raju, P. K. (2011) · Journal of Indian College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s1561-8811(11)80022-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Management of the antiphospholipid syndrome: new approaches
Seif, A. M., Hwang, Y. G., & Pierangeli, S. S. (2009) · International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.2217/ijr.09.43 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Krnic-Barrie, S.
- Corresponding author
- Krnic-Barrie, Sanja
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1997-10-13
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2101
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4253029803
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fogarty International Center (1 FO5 TWO 4936-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- antiphospholipid syndrome, recurrent thrombosis, venous thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, warfarin prophylaxis, prednisone, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, prothrombin ratio, risk factors, anticoagulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
