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Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe a case-control study of risk factors for neovascular and non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to present findings on associations with systemic hypertension and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Participants with and without neovascular and non-neovascular AMD were recruited from 11 ophthalmology practices in the New York, NY, metropolitan area. Comprehensive data collection included (1) a standardized interview, (2) blood pressure measurements, and (3) blood samples. Cases and controls were classified from fundus photograph gradings. Polychotomous logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: Classification of 1222 sets of available photographs resulted in the inclusion of a neovascular case group (n = 182), a non-neovascular case group (n = 227), and a control group (n = 235). Neovascular AMD was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mm Hg (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4), self-reported use of potent antihypertensive medication (OR = 2.1), physician-reported history of hypertension (OR = 1.8), use of antihypertensive medication (OR = 2.5), combinations of self-reported and physician-reported data on hypertension and its treatment (OR = 1. 7), high-density lipoprotein level (OR = 2.3), and dietary cholesterol level (OR = 2.2). Non-neovascular AMD was unrelated to hypertension or cholesterol level. No associations were found between either AMD type and other definitions of hypertension or other cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that neovascular AMD is associated with moderate to severe hypertension, particularly among patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. They also support the hypotheses that neovascular and non-neovascular AMD may have a different pathogenesis and that neovascular AMD and hypertensive disease may have a similar underlying systemic process.
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“Increased concentrations of HDL cholesterol—considered to be cardioprotective—have been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration.80,81”
From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [80]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hyman, L.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hyman, Leslie
- ORCID
- Hyman, Leslie
- Venue
- Archives of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2000-03-01
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 351
- ISSN
- 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117696490
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 11.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Macula Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (2r01ey005653-04)
- National Eye Institute (R01 EY05653)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- neovascular age-related macular degeneration, non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, high-density lipoprotein, dietary cholesterol, risk factors, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Intraocular Pressure, Cholesterol, HDL, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Retinal Neovascularization, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies
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